摘要慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）是世界范围内的严重健康问题，但尚无有效治疗方案。肠道菌群在维持人体健康和抵抗疾病方面具有关键作用，已有多项研究证实肠道菌群与CKD的发生发展密切相关。本文以“肠-肾轴”理论为出发点，综述了CKD患者肠道菌群组成和功能变化，如产丁酸菌罗氏菌属和普拉梭菌丰度降低，探讨了肠道菌群影响CKD进展的炎症、免疫等相关机制，并阐述了以肠道菌群作为CKD治疗靶点的应用方法，如粪便微生物群移植、微生态制剂和饮食疗法等，以期为CKD临床诊疗提供基于微生态的新靶点。

abstractsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem worldwide, whereas there is still no efficient cure. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining human health and disease resistance, and multiple studies have confirmed that the gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of CKD. Starting from the "gut-kidney axis" theory, this article provides a systematic review of the changes in gut microbiota composition and function in patients with CKD, such as a decrease in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Besides that, the article explores the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects CKD progression, such as inflammation and immunity, and also describes the application methods of using the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for CKD, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, microecologics, and dietary therapy, in order to provide microbial- based targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CKD.