摘要目的 探讨妊娠期75％摄入量低蛋白饮食喂养对建立大鼠胎儿生长受限(fetalgrowth restriction,FGR)模型的影响. 方法 Sprague-Dawley孕鼠共38只.取对照组5只孕鼠,每日予足量普通饲料喂养(蛋白质含量22％),为确保每组能娩出仔鼠的孕鼠达到10只,对照组、低蛋白组和75％低蛋白组分别使用孕鼠11、1 3和14只.其中,对照组予普通饲料喂养;低蛋白组予低蛋白饲料喂养(蛋白质含量9.2％),喂食量与对照组消耗量相同;75％低蛋白组予低蛋白饲料喂养,且喂食量为对照组平均消耗量的75％.所有孕鼠分娩后均予足量普通饲料喂养.比较孕鼠妊娠期增重、死亡率及未分娩率;仔鼠出生第3天体重、FGR发生率及仔鼠出生3d内死亡率.采用单因素方差分析、独立样本t检验、LSD-t检验和卡方检验进行统计学处理. 结果 (1)3组孕鼠妊娠第0、3、6天体重差异无统计学意义.妊娠第9天,75％低蛋白组[(271.9±8.4)g]及低蛋白组孕鼠体重[(274.1±7.8)g]均明显低于对照组[(287.2±1 8.7)g](t值分别为2.514和2.170,P值均＜0.05),而75％低蛋白组与低蛋白组间差异无统计学意义;但在妊娠第12天,75％低蛋白组孕鼠体重[(275.7±10.7)g]低于低蛋白组[(285.1±12.5)g](t=2.098,P＜0.05),且2组体重均明显低于对照组[(306.4±29.7)g](t值分别为3.262和2.218,P值均＜0.05).75％低蛋白组、低蛋白组及对照组孕鼠分娩前体重分别为(300.4±14.1)、(317.0±16.3)和(372.9±19.1)g,3组间差异有统计学意义(F=64.219,P＜0.05);妊娠期增重分别为(61.6±19.8)、(81.8±21.6)和(139.3±12.0)g,3组间差异也具有统计学意义(F=55.863,P＜0.05).(2)75％低蛋白组、低蛋白组和对照组孕鼠死亡率分别为3/14、2/13和1/11,妊娠30 d未分娩率分别为1/14、1/13和o/11(P值均＞0.05).(3)仔鼠:75％低蛋白组和低蛋白组新生鼠出生3d内死亡率分别为28.7％ (29/101)和23.0％(24/104),均明显高于对照组的7.5％(8/107)(x2值分别为16.022和9.976,P值均＜0.05),但75％低蛋白组和低蛋白组之间差异无统计学意义.75％低蛋白组、低蛋白组及对照组新生鼠出生第3天体重分别为(6.3±0.8)、(6.9±0.9)和(8.1±0.9)g,3组间差异有统计学意义(F=90.602,P＜0.05).75％低蛋白组的FGR发生率为55.6％(40/72),明显高于低蛋白组的28.8％(23/80)和对照组的5.0％(5/99),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为11.220、54.834和18.833,P值均＜0.05). 结论 大鼠妊娠期给予75％低蛋白饮食喂养可获得较高的FGR发生率,同时孕鼠死亡、死胎、死产及新生鼠死亡率均较低,是较理想的建立FGR模型的方法.

abstractsObjective To explore the impacts of 75％ low-protein diet intake during gestation on fetal growth restriction (FGR) rat model establishment.Methods Thirty-eight pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were included into the study.At first,five pregnant rats were fed with sufficient normal diet with protein content of 22％.Their daily food consumption was recorded and taken as the basis to determine daily feed consumption of 75％ low-protein group (protein content 9.2％).In order to ensure that each group finally had at least ten pregnant rats to deliver,there were 11 rats assigned to the control group (pregnant rats fed with sufficient normal diet,protein content was 22％),13 to the low-protein group (pregnant rats fed with low protein diet,protein content was 9.2％,but the food consumption was the same as control group) and 14 to the 75％ lowprotein group (pregnant rats fed with low-protein diet,protein content was 9.2％,the food consumption was 75％ of the control group).All female rats were fed with sufficient normal diet after delivery.The body weight,overall weight gain during gestation,the mortality rate and the non-delivery rate of pregnant rats were compared.The third day's newborn weight after birth,FGR incidence and the mortality rate within three days after birth of newborns were also compared.One way analysis of variance,LSD-t test,independent sample t-test and Chisquare test were used as statistical methods.Results (1) The body weight of pregnant rats:There was no significant difference in body weight among the three groups at gestational day 0,3 and 6.On day 9,body weight of 75％ low-protein group [(271.9±8.4) g] and low-protein group [(274.1 ±7.8) g] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(287.2± 18.7) g] (t=2.514 and 2.170,both P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the former two groups.On Day 12,body weight of 75％ low-protein group [(275.7 ± 10.7) g] and low protein group [(285.1 ± 12.5) g] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(306.4±29.7) g] (t=3.262 and 2.218,both P＜0.05),and the difference between the former two groups was also statistically significant (t=2.098,P＜0.05).Before delivery,body weight of 75％ low-protein group,low protein group and control group were (300.4±14.1) g,(317.0±16.3) g and (372.9±19.1) g,respectively with statisticall significance (F=64.219,P＜0.05).The overall weight gain during pregnancy for 75％low-protein group,low-protein group and control group was (61.6± 19.8) g,(81.8±21.6) g and (139.3± 12.0) g,respectively.The difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F=55.863,P＜0.05).(2) The mortality rates of pregnant rats for 75％ low-protein group,low-protein group and control group were 3/14,2/13 and 1/11 respectively without significant difference (P＞0.05).Neither was the non-delivery rate within 30 days (embryonic resorption) for the three groups (1/14,1/13,0/11,P＞0.05).(3) The numbers of pups were 101 in 75％ low-protein group,104 in low-protein group and 107 in control group.The newborn mortality rate within three days after birth was 28.7％ (29/101) in 75％ tow-protein group and 23.0％ (24/104)in low-protein group,with were significantly higher than that of the control group (7.5％,8/107) (x2=16.022and 9.976,both P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups.The third day's newborn weight after birth for 75％ low-protein group,low-protein group and control group were (6.3 ±0.8) g,(6.9±0.9) g and (8.1 ±0.9) g,the difference was statistically significant (F=90.602,P＜0.05).FGR incidence for 75％ low-protein group was 55.6％ (40/72),which was significantly higher than that of the low-protein group (28.8％,23/80) and the control group (5.0％,5/99) (x2=11.220,54.834 and 18.833 all P＜0.05).Conclusion 75％ low-protein diet feeding during pregnancy is an ideal method to induce FGR rat model with high FGR incidence,whereas and low mortality rates of pregnant rats,the fetuses and newborns.