摘要目的 探讨产房复苏质量改进对极低/超低出生体重儿的影响.方法 回顾性收集南京医科大学附属妇产医院儿科新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)收治的极/超低出生体重儿的临床资料.其中,2015年1月至2015年12月的176例为改进前组,实施产房质量改进措施后的2016年1月至2016年12月的199例为改进后组.主要观察指标为入NICU的体温、产房复苏插管情况和呼吸系统相关情况,次要观察指标为产房复苏时任何阶段给予持续气道正压通气(continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP)、使用T-组合复苏器正压通气、产房球囊加压给氧以及入NICU的血pH值等.采用 χ2检验(或Fisher精确概率法)、t检验或秩和检验对数据进行统计学分析.结果 2组患儿的胎龄、出生体重、性别构成、分娩方式和生后Apgar评分等差异均无统计学意义.经过质量改进后,在产房任意复苏阶段CPAP使用率升高[85.9%(171/199)与66.3%(112/176),χ2=19.881,P<0.01],用T-组合复苏器给予吸气峰压+呼气末正压复苏率也升高[33.8%(67/199)与10.8%(12/176),χ2=19.819,P<0.01],球囊正压给氧率下降[6.0%(12/199)与39.3%(44/176),χ2=53.682,P<0.01],产房内气管插管率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).质量改进后,患儿入NICU平均体温提高[M(P25~P75),36.2(35.8~36.5)与35.6(35.4~35.7)℃,Z=-9.681,P<0.01],生后1周内肺出血发生率降低[1.5%(3/199)与5.1%(9/176),χ2=3.921,P<0.05],Ⅲ/Ⅳ级颅内出血发生率降低[1.1%(2/199)与11.9%(21/176),χ2=33.885,P<0.01],有创通气时间缩短[3(1~6)与4(2~9)d,Z=-2.286,P<0.05].结论 通过产房复苏质量改进,规范了产房复苏措施,可改善极/超低出生体重儿的结局.

abstractsObjective To explore the effects of quality improvement in delivery room resuscitation on very/extremely low birth-weight infants (VLBWI/ELBWI). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the clinical data of VLBWI/ELBWI who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Nanjing Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January to December 2015 (pre-improvement group, n=176) and of those who were admitted from January to December 2016 after the implementation of quality improvement program on delivery room resuscitation (post-improvement group, n=199). Several parameters were monitored, including resuscitation modalities [continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) , peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)+positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) with T-piece resuscitator and intubation rate in delivery room], neonatal body temperature and pH on NICU admission, respiratory outcomes, morbidity from intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and hospitalization. Chi-square (or Fisher's exact test), t or rank Sum test was used for statistical analysis. Results There was no significant difference in gestational age, birth weight, gender proportion, delivery mode and Apgar scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). After implementing the quality improvement program, there was an increased overall usage of CPAP [85.9% (171/199) vs 66.3% (112/176), χ2=19.881, P<0.01] and PIP+PEEP with T-piece resuscitator [33.8% (67/199) vs 10.8% (12/176), χ2=19.819, P<0.01], but a decreased usage of balloon catheter ventilation [6.0% (12/199) vs 39.3% (44/176), χ2=53.682, P<0.01]. No significant change in intubation rate was observed(P>0.05). The average admission temperature increased after launching the quality improvement program [M (P25-P75), 36.2 (35.8-36.5) vs 35.6 (35.4-35.7)℃ , Z= - 9.681, P<0.01]. The morbidities of pulmonary hemorrhage within one week after birth [1.5% (3/199) vs 5.1% (9/176),χ2=3.921] and grade Ⅲ / Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage [1.1% (2/199) vs 11.9% (21/176), χ2=33.885] decreased along with the improvement in delivery room resuscitation (both P<0.05). The duration of invasive ventilation decreased as well [3 (1-6) vs 4 (2-9) d, Z= - 2.286, P<0.05]. Conclusions Quality improvement in delivery room resuscitation measures standardizes the management of delivery room resuscitation and improves the clinical outcomes of VLBWI/ELBWI.