摘要目的 探讨潜伏期硬膜外分娩镇痛对于子痫前期患者母婴安全性的影响. 方法 对2016年8月至2017年7月在天津市中心妇产科医院自愿接受分娩镇痛的单胎、头位的80例子痫前期患者进行前瞻性研究,根据随机数码表法分为活跃期组(宫口≥4 cm时实施硬膜外分娩镇痛)和潜伏期组(产妇临产后即实施分娩镇痛),每组40例.于镇痛前及镇痛后产程的不同时点,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)对产妇进行疼痛评估.于临产后及胎儿娩出后分别抽取产妇静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清皮质醇和血浆促肾上腺素皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)浓度.采用t检验或x2检验对数据进行统计分析. 结果 (1)潜伏期组产妇第一产程时间[(521.3±103.5)与(570.3±116.2)min,t=0.366],给予镇痛药物即刻、宫口开至2及3 cm时VAS评分[分别为(4.1±1.1)与(7.3±1.2)分,(3.5±0.9)与(7.6±1.7)分,(3.7±0.7)与(8.1±1.4)分,t值分别为4.387、9.652及5.321]及宫口开至2、3 cm时平均动脉压[分别为(98.3±9.1)与(125.3±10.6) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133kPa),(98.6±10.4)与(127.5±9.6)mmHg,t值分别为8.014及5.496],剖宫产率[15.0％(6/40)与27.5％(11/40),x2=4.012]均低于活跃期组(P值均＜0.05).(2)潜伏期组和活跃期组产妇胎儿娩出后血清皮质醇[分别为(457±79)与(233±55)nmol/L,(565±76)与(231±64)nmol/L,t值分别为5.126及6.028]和血浆ACTH浓度[分别为(71±16)与(39±10)pg/ml,(81±14)与(38±11)pg/ml,t值分别为6.028及5.984]均高于临产后(P值均＜ 0.05).潜伏期组产妇胎儿娩出后血清皮质醇和血浆ACTH浓度均低于活跃期组(t值分别为5.009和3.862,P值均＜0.05). 结论 潜伏期硬膜外分娩镇痛可安全用于子痫前期产妇,尽早、尽快地缓解产痛,降低产妇的应激反应,维持产妇循环稳定.

abstractsObjective To evaluate the efficacy of epidural analgesia in latent phase of labor for preeclamptic women undergoing vaginal delivery.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 nulliparae of singleton pregnancy with preeclampsia and cephalic presentation in Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics from August 2016 to July 2017.All subjects were randomly divided into two groups including labor analgesia in active phase group (labor analgesia was commenced at cervical dilation over ≥ 4 cm,n=40,group 1) and the whole labor analgesia in latent phase group (labor analgesia was comenced at the onset of labor,n=40,group 2).Visual analogue score (VAS) was used to evaluate pain intensity at different time points.Maternal venous blood samples were collected at the time of parturient and fetal delivery to determine the serum concentrations of cortisol (Cor) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Clinical data was statistically analyzed using t-test or Chisquare test.Results (1) Compared with group 1,the duration of the first stage of labor [(521.3±103.5) vs (570.3 ±116.2) min,t=0.366,P＜0.05],the VAS scores immediately after analgesic administration and at cervical dilation of 2 and 3 cm [4.1±1.1 vs 7.3±1.2,3.5±0.9 vs 7.6±1.7,3.7±0.7 vs 8.1±1.4;t=4.387,9.652,5.321;all P＜0.05],the mean arterial pressure at cervical dilation of 2 and 3 cm [(98.3±9.1) vs (125.3±10.6) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),(98.6±10.4) vs (127.5±9.6) mmHg;t=8.014,5.496;both P＜0.05] and the cesarean delivery rate [15.0％ (6/40) vs 27.5％ (11/40),x2=4.012,P＜0.05] were all lower in group 2.(2) The serum levels of Cor [(565±76) vs (231 ±64) nmol/L,(457±79) vs (233±55) nmol/L;t=6.028,5.126;both P＜0.05] and ACTH [(81 ± 14) vs (38±11) pg/ml,(71 ± 16) vs (39±10) pg/ml,t=5.984,6.028;both P＜0.05]in group 1 and group 2 were both increased significantly after delivery as compared with those at the time of parturient,and they also showed significant differences between the two groups after delivery (t=5.009,3.862;both P＜0.05).Conclusions Epidural analgesia in latent phase of labor can be implemented in preeclamptic women attempting vaginal delivery through alleviating labor pain as sooner and earlier as possible,reducing their stress responses and maintain hemodynamic stability.