摘要目的:总结胎儿脐带溃疡的产前超声图像特征，探讨产前超声对脐带溃疡的诊断价值和临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2020年6月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心收治的3例脐带溃疡胎儿的超声表现；对1990年1月1日至2020年6月1日国内外有关文献进行数据分析，国内文献通过万方数据库、中国知网数据库检索，国外文献通过PubMed数据库检索。采用似然比、校正 χ2检验和Fisher精确概率法分析脐带病理结果与妊娠结局的关系。 结果:（1）本院3例脐带溃疡胎儿中，2例合并消化道梗阻，1例合并宫内感染；最终2例出生后存活，1例新生儿死亡。产前超声检查脐带及羊膜腔：1例胎儿未发现异常，2例胎儿发现异常。脐带溃疡的超声表现有脐带周围片絮状低回声包绕；动态观察可见"云雾"状高回声从脐带破口处喷射；脐血管裸露，脐带周围"飘带"状回声。（2）国内未检索到脐带溃疡病例报道。国外文献报道脐带溃疡共39例，均合并十二指肠或空肠梗阻，其中胎死宫内占30.8%（12/39），新生儿死亡占28.2%（11/39），存活占41.0%（16/39）。产前超声发现羊膜腔内异常6例，检出率15.4%（6/39），其中3例为脐带实时出血，3例为羊膜腔或脐带周围片状回声、线状回声，此6例均经紧急剖宫产分娩后新生儿存活。66.7%（26/39）胎儿出现血性羊水，35.9%（14/39）胎儿出现心率减慢。未见脐带溃疡位置、溃疡数量及溃疡病理分级与妊娠结局的相关性（ P值均>0.05）。 结论:产前超声细致检查脐带及羊膜腔有无异常回声，对脐带溃疡的诊断有一定价值。脐带周围片状、线状回声可能是脐带溃疡的超声表现。产前超声实时发现脐带溃疡出血可以为临床及时处理提供直接依据。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the features, diagnostic value and clinical significance of prenatal ultrasound for umbilical cord ulcer (UCU).Methods:Ultrasonographic characteristics of three fetuses with UCU diagnosed at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2014 to June 2020 were reviewed. Relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to June 1, 2020, were retrieved from Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases and analyzed. Likelihood ratio, adjusted Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the association between the pathological results and fetal outcomes. Results:(1) Among the three fetuses with UCU, two were complicated by upper gastrointestinal obstruction and one by intrauterine infection. Two of them survived and one died after birth. Prenatal ultrasound examination of the umbilical cord and amniotic cavity showed one case was normal, while the other two showing features such as flocculent hypoechoic sign around the umbilical cord, cloudy hyperechoic sign ejecting from the umbilical cord lesion in dynamic observation, exposed umbilical vessels and ribbon-like echo around the umbilical cord. (2) No reported case of UCU had been found in any publications in China. A total of 39 reported cases of UCU complicated by duodenal or jejunal obstruction were retrieved from English literature, among which intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death and live births accounted for 30.8% (12/39), 28.2% (11/39) and 41.0% (16/39), respectively. Six cases with intrauterine abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound survived after emergent cesarean section, showing a positive detection rate of 15.4% (6/39), of which three obtained a snapshot of umbilical cord bleeding and three were characterized by lamellar and linear echoes around the amniotic cavity or umbilical cord. Hemorrhagic amniotic fluid was observed in 66.7% (26/39) of the fetuses and decreased heart rate occurred in 35.9%(14/39). The site, number and pathological grade of UCU were not related to the pregnancy outcomes (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound for detecting abnormalities in umbilical cord and amniotic cavity is of a certain value in the diagnosis of UCU. Lamellar and linear echoes around the umbilical cord may be the ultrasonographic characteristics of UCU. The real-time detection of UCU bleeding by prenatal ultrasound can provide direct evidence for timely clinical treatment.