摘要早产是导致新生儿患病和5岁以内婴幼儿死亡的首要原因，对其内在病因和机制研究十分重要。早产是一个“多因一果”的综合征，由多个原因引起，病因可为子宫肌层、胎膜蜕膜和宫颈不同步激活，胎膜蜕膜及子宫肌层为起始的表型最终也表现为宫颈变短和变软。自人类微生物组计划开展以来，研究者对人体各个部位微生物群组成及其与健康的关系深入研究，其中阴道微生物菌群及菌群失调与妊娠及病理妊娠研究得到一些进展。据此，本文对阴道微生物菌群与宫颈提前重构的关系及机制的最新研究进行综述，以探寻关于此方向待解决的问题和新的预防治疗手段。

abstractsPreterm birth is the primary cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in infants under five years of age. Research into its underlying causes and mechanisms is crucial. Preterm birth is a consequence originating from various factors. The etiology can be asynchronous activation of the uterine wall, the choriodecidua, and the cervix, but the phenotype that initiates in the choriodecidua and myometrium also ultimately presents as shortening and softening of the cervix. The initiation of the Human Microbiome Project shed light on more in-depth studies regarding the composition of microbiota in various parts of the human body and its relationship to health. Among these investigations, some progress was achieved on the pregnancy-related vaginal microbiota and dysbiosis, and pathological pregnancies. Based on previous achievements, this article reviews the latest literature discussing the relationship between vaginal microbiota and premature cervical remodeling and the involved mechanisms, seeking to identify unresolved topics in this area, as well as novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.