摘要孕产妇和新生儿破伤风（maternal and neonatal tetanus，MNT）曾严重威胁孕产妇和新生儿生命。19世纪以来，清洁分娩和破伤风类毒素疫苗的接种是预防MNT的有效手段。然而，全球消除MNT的进程依然缓慢，尤其在医疗资源匮乏地区。多数国家采取为孕妇接种疫苗的方法消除MNT，中国则选择提高住院分娩率和改善农村妇幼卫生状况这一更具挑战的策略，并于2012年成功消除了MNT。保持这一成就并非易事，未来各国应加强合作，分享成功经验，共同致力于在全球范围内消除MNT。本文旨在回顾医学领域对MNT的认知历程，并介绍MNT全球消除计划的进程以及中国的防治策略。

abstractsMaternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) has historically posed a severe threat to the lives of mothers and newborns. Since the 19th century, clean delivery practices and vaccination with tetanus toxoid have been effective means of preventing MNT. However, the process of global elimination of MNT remains slow, especially in areas with scarce medical resources. Most countries have adopted the strategy of vaccinating pregnant women to eliminate MNT. In contrast, China chose a more challenging strategy by increasing the hospital delivery rate and improving maternal and child health in rural areas, successfully eliminating MNT in 2012. Maintaining this achievement is not easy. In the future, nations should strengthen cooperation, share successful experiences, and collectively strive to eliminate MNT worldwide. This article reviews the medical cognitive process of MNT and introduces the progress of global MNT elimination program and the prevention and control strategies in China.