摘要单细胞测序技术在产科领域中的应用正逐步揭示胎盘发育、母胎免疫调控和妊娠期疾病的复杂机制。本文综述了单细胞测序的基本原理、在产科研究中的具体应用及其技术优势，特别是对子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病和早产等妊娠期疾病的病理研究。文章还讨论了现有技术挑战、伦理问题，以及未来发展的可能方向，包括新技术进展、临床应用前景和多组学结合的潜力。

abstractsSingle-cell sequencing technology is illuminating the complex molecular mechanisms of placental development, maternal-fetal immune regulation, and pregnancy-related disorders. This review outlines the fundamental principles of single-cell sequencing, and explores its specific applications in obstetric research, with a focus on its technical advantages in revealing the pathophysiology of conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth. The article discusses existing technical limitations, ethical considerations, and concludes with a perspective on future directions, including advances in technology, the growing promise for clinical application, and the potential of multi-omics integration in obstetrics research.