摘要寰枢椎脱位是常见的颅颈交界区畸形，可引起严重的神经损害，影响患者生活质量，甚至威胁患者生命。对于临床症状明显的寰枢椎脱位患者，手术治疗是其最有效的治疗方式。近年来，随着手术技术的发展，后路寰枢椎关节间撑开复位融合技术逐渐成为寰枢椎脱位治疗的重要技术之一。为了更好地规范寰枢椎脱位患者的诊治，推广应用后路寰枢椎关节间撑开复位融合技术，中华医学会神经外科学分会脊髓脊柱学组和中国颅颈交界区畸形研究联盟暨国家神经疾病医学中心颅颈交界区畸形联盟基于现有循证医学证据，组织相关领域专家充分讨论后制定了《后路寰枢椎关节间撑开复位融合技术治疗寰枢椎脱位专家共识（2024）》。本共识对后路寰枢椎关节间撑开复位融合技术治疗寰枢椎脱位的术前评估、手术操作、并发症处理等方面进行了详细阐述并提出推荐意见，旨在为临床应用提供指导性建议。

abstractsAtlantoaxial dislocation is a common bony structural deformity in the craniovertebral junction area. It can cause severe neurological defects, seriously affect the patient′s life quality, and even threaten the patient′s life. The most effective treatment for patients with apparent clinically symptoms is surgical treatment. In recent years, with the development of surgical techniques, posterior facet distraction and fusion (PFDF) technique has gradually become an important technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation. In order to better standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atlantoaxial dislocation and the application of PFDF technique, based on the existing evidence, the Spine and Spinal Cord Group in Neurosurgical Society of Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Craniovertebral Junction Malformation Research Alliance and Craniovertebral Junction Malformation Alliance of National Center for Neurological Disorders organized experts in relevant fields to fully discuss and formulated the “Expert consensus on posterior facet distraction and fusion technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation（2024）”. This consensus elaborates and recommends the preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, and management of complications using PFDF technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation. It is intended to provide guidance for surgeons who encounter problems in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation using PFDF technique.