摘要颈椎畸形的病因复杂、致残率高、手术风险大，是脊柱外科具有挑战性的疾病。近年来，随着对颈椎畸形病理生理及治疗策略研究的不断深入，其临床诊疗正从传统的基于病因的经验诊疗模式，向依托多维度、多模态影像学数据和全脊柱评估的精准化诊疗模式转变。基于影像学的分型体系通过引入动态影像学与全脊柱矢状面参数，优化畸形的分型与评估，为个体化治疗方案提供可靠依据。此外，全方位功能评估的重要性日益显著，尤其是衰弱指数的应用，为风险预测和手术决策优化提供了新思路。在手术策略方面，高级别截骨术的应用在改善复杂畸形矫正效果的同时，也对并发症管理提出更高要求。精准化诊疗模式，将进一步提升颈椎畸形的治疗效果，为患者带来更好的临床预后和生活质量。

abstractsCervical spine deformity (CSD) represent some of the most formidable challenges in spinal surgery, characterized by complex etiologies, high disability rates, and significant surgical risks. Recent advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology and management strategies for CSD have facilitated a paradigm shift from traditional, experience-based approaches to precision medicine guided by multidimensional imaging data and comprehensive sagittal alignment assessment. Imaging-based classification systems have optimized the evaluation and classification of deformities by incorporating dynamic imaging and global sagittal balance parameters, thereby providing a reliable foundation for individualized treatment plans. Furthermore, the importance of comprehensive functional assessment has gained prominence, particularly with the use of the frailty index, which offers new insights for risk prediction and optimizing surgical decision-making. In terms of surgical strategies, the use of high-grade osteotomies has improved correction outcomes for complex deformities, yet also demands more stringent management of associated complications. The management of CSD is evolving towards greater precision and individualization, aiming to enhance outcomes by integrating multimodal imaging, functional assessments, and advanced surgical techniques-ultimately leading to better clinical prognosis and quality of life for patients.