摘要志贺毒素(Shiga toxin,Stx)是志贺菌和某些大肠埃希菌等产生的一种重要的毒力因子,包括志贺毒素1(Stx1)和志贺毒素2(Stx2)两种型别.该毒素由λ样志贺毒素噬菌体编码,通过切割核糖体28S rRNA 3′端腺苷酸从而抑制蛋白质合成,也可通过多种途径诱导细胞凋亡.人感染产志贺毒素的细菌可出现腹泻或出血性结肠炎(hemorrhagic colitis,HC),严重者可导致溶血性尿毒综合征(hemolytic uremic syndrome,HUS),甚至死亡.目前,尚无特异性治疗志贺毒素所致疾病的方法,但近年来志贺毒素在癌症靶向治疗或成像等医学领域的应用前景已引起人们的兴趣.本文就志贺毒素的命名、分型、分子结构、遗传学基础、作用机制、应用前景等方面的研究进展做一简要综述.

abstractsShiga toxin (Stx), which can be divided into Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), is an important virulence factor of Shigella spp. and certain strains of Escherichia coli. Stx, enco-ded by λ-like phage, blocks protein synthesis through removal of an adenine residue from the 28S rRNA. Stx can also induce apoptosis through multiple pathways. Humans may suffer from diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis ( HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS) and even death when infected with Shiga toxin-producing bac-teria. At present, there is no specific treatment for diseases caused by Stx. In recent years, the application of Stx in cancer therapy and imaging has aroused great interest. This review provided a brief overview of Stx in its nomenclature, typing, structure, genetics, pathogenesis and application perspectives.