摘要特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis，AD)是一种好发于儿童和青少年的慢性、复发性、瘙痒性皮肤疾病，其发病率呈逐年增高的趋势。AD发病机制复杂，与遗传、环境、免疫、皮肤屏障功能障碍等多方面因素有关。近年来，宏基因组学和代谢组学等高通量技术为探讨AD的发病机制打开了新的视角，并在探索AD的菌群移植新疗法中展现了诱人的应用前景。本文从皮肤微生态与人体皮肤健康的关系、AD发病机制、AD微生组学研究和相关的病原微生物特征、AD微生物疗法展望等方面进行阐述，并结合自身的实践经验，提出AD的培养组学研究方案，以及皮肤标本微生物学检验和定量计数的设想，从而为AD的疾病预防、疗效监测和临床治疗等提供参考。

abstractsAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsable and pruritic skin disease, commonly found in children and adolescents. The prevalence of AD is increasing worldwide. It is reported that AD is related to many factors such as genetic inheritance, environment, immunity and skin barrier dysfunction, suggesting a very complex pathogenesis. In recent years, high-throughput technologies in the field of genomics and metabolomics have opened up new perspectives on the pathogenesis of AD, and shown potential application prospects in microbiome transplantation therapies for AD. This review summarized the current advances in the relationship between skin microecology and skin health, the pathogenesis and microbiomic characteristics of AD, features of pathogenic microorganisms, and microbiome transplantation therapies for AD. Based on our own practical experience, we put forward a culturomics research protocol to study the human skin microbiome and a method for quantitative microbiological examination, aiming to provide reference for the prevention, clinical treatment and therapeutic monitoring of AD.