摘要鞭毛是位于某些细菌菌体表面细长呈波状弯曲的具有运动功能的蛋白质附属丝状物，不仅在细菌的运动与致病能力中起到重要作用，而且参与宿主多种免疫调节。鞭毛蛋白(flagellin)是形成鞭毛细丝主要部分的结构蛋白，可以被宿主细胞的Toll样受体5(TLR5)等受体识别，诱导机体免疫应答。目前，鞭毛蛋白因其免疫激活作用被广泛应用于新型免疫佐剂的研究，而其炎症抑制作用也在对抗免疫病理损伤方面具有良好前景。本文将对鞭毛蛋白的基本结构功能、宿主识别机制及其对宿主免疫系统起到的调节作用的研究进展作一概述。

abstractsFlagellum is a slender and wavy protein-attached filament on the surface of certain bacterial cells. It not only plays an important role in the movement and pathogenic ability of bacteria, but also participates in a variety of host immune regulation. Flagellin is a structural protein that forms the main part of flagellar filaments and can be recognized by TLR5 and other receptors in the host cell to induce the body′s immune response. At present, flagellin is widely used in the research of new immune adjuvants due to its immune activation, and its inflammation inhibitory effect also has good prospects against immune pathological damage. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the recent progress on the basic structure and function of flagellin, the host recognition mechanism, and its role in regulating the host immune system.