摘要目的:探讨超声内镜预测纵隔及腹腔恶性淋巴结的声像图特征，以期为精准施行内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术（endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiraiton，EUS-FNA）提供更多依据。方法:2016年9月—2021年2月间，因纵隔或腹腔淋巴结肿大，在苏州大学附属第二医院消化科行内镜超声检查，经EUS-FNA病理和（或）外科手术病理及至少6个月随访明确淋巴结良恶性质的83例连续病例纳入病例对照研究，根据最终诊断结果分为恶性淋巴结组（ n=56）和良性淋巴结组（ n=27），采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析方法，分析超声内镜下恶性淋巴结声像图特征方面的独立危险因素。 结果:单因素分析发现组间比较 P<0.10的指标有淋巴结短轴长度、短长轴长度比、形态构成、边界是否清晰、淋巴门是否消失、回声是否均一、生长方式构成。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，短轴长度>10 mm（ P=0.021， OR=9.751，95% CI：1.407～57.573）、边界清晰（ P=0.009， OR=20.587，95% CI：2.149～197.251）、淋巴门消失（ P=0.019， OR=28.502，95% CI：1.725～470.864）、簇状聚集生长方式（ P=0.004， OR=45.539，95% CI：3.429～604.822）、部分融合生长方式（ P=0.004， OR=50.012，95% CI：3.497～715.266）是超声内镜预测纵隔及腹腔恶性淋巴结的独立危险因素。 结论:内镜超声检查有助于鉴别纵隔及腹腔良恶性淋巴结，超声内镜下淋巴结具有短轴长度>10 mm、边界清晰、淋巴门消失、簇状聚集或部分融合生长方式的特征时提示恶性可能性大，应优先行EUS-FNA。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the features of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of malignant mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenopathy and to provide more evidence for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiraiton (EUS-FNA).Methods:A case-control study was performed on 83 consecutive patients who underwent EUS in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from September 2016 to February 2021. Lymph node properties were identified by pathological results of EUS-FNA and (or) surgery and follow-up for at least 6 months. According to the final diagnosis, patients were divided into malignant lymph node group ( n=56) and benign lymph node group ( n=27). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors for malignant lymphadenopathy in terms of EUS features. Results:Univariate analysis showed that the length of short axis, short-long axis ratio, shape, border, presence or absence of hilum, heterogeneous echo, and the growth pattern of lymph node were risk factors for malignant lymph nodes ( P<0.10). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that short axis>10 mm ( P=0.021, OR=9.751, 95% CI: 1.407-57.573), clear border ( P=0.009, OR=20.587, 95% CI: 2.149-197.251), absence of hilum ( P=0.019, OR=28.502, 95% CI: 1.725-470.864), nodal matting ( P=0.004, OR=45.539, 95% CI: 3.429-604.822), partial nodal fusion ( P=0.004, OR=50.012, 95% CI: 3.497-715.266) were independent risk factors for malignant mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. Conclusion:EUS is useful to differentiate the lymph node properties in the mediastinal or abdominal cavity. Short axis>10 mm, clear border, absence of hilum, nodal matting and partial nodal fusion are high-risk EUS features of malignant mediastinal or abdominal lymphadenopathy, where priority should be given to EUS-FNA.