摘要目的 了解肝硬化合并糖尿病患者的临床特点和转归,探讨肝源性糖尿病(HD)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者临床和预后情况的差异.方法 收集2010年11月至2012年4月的肝硬化患者246例,分为肝硬化合并糖尿病组(72例)和肝硬化无糖尿病组(174例),肝硬化合并糖尿病组又分为HD组(33例)和T2DM组(39例).所有病例随访至死亡或研究终点.对患者临床、预后和糖代谢指标进行对比分析.部分肝硬化合并糖尿病组患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素C肽释放试验.两组间均数的比较采用Student f检验.计数资料或两组间率的比较采用卡方检验.肝硬化死亡相关因素行Logistic回归分析.结果 肝硬化合并糖尿病组中酒精性肝硬化所占比例[18.1％ (13/72)]高于肝硬化无糖尿病组[6.9％(12/174)],差异有统计学意义(x2=6.946,P=0.008).HD组中有糖尿病家族史者所占比例[9.1％(3/33)]低于T2DM组[30.8％(12/39)],酒精性肝硬化者所占比例[30.3％(10/33)]高于T2DM组[7.7％(3/39)],TBil水平[(43.4±57.7)μmol/L]高于T2DM组[(22.6±13.3) μmol/L),总胆固醇水平[(3.3±1.2) mmol/L]低于T2DM组[(4.0±1.6)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(x2=5.093、6.177,t=2.178、2.014,P=0.024、0.013、0.033、0.048).肝硬化合并糖尿病组住院时间、Child-Pugh评分、上消化道出血发生率、肝性脑病发生率、电解质紊乱发生率、病死率均高于肝硬化无糖尿病组,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.389、2.270,x2=6.496、5.572、5.194、19.646,P均＜0.05),HD组和T2DM组间则差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).HD组口服葡萄糖耐量试验各时间点(0、30、60、120、180 min)的血糖水平均低于T2DM组,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.175、2.345、3.444、3.090、3.542,P均＜0.05).HD组和T2DM组空腹胰岛素水平接近,其余各时间点(30、60、120、180 min) HD组的胰岛素水平均高于T2DM组,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.084、2.881、3.648、2.840,P均＜0.05),HD组存在明显高胰岛素血症.各时间点(0、30、60、120、180 min) HD组C肽水平均正常,T2DM组C肽水平均低于正常值.Child-Pugh分级C级是肝硬化患者死亡的独立预测因素(OR=3.056,95％ CI:1.268～7.346,P=0.013).结论 与肝硬化无糖尿病患者相比,合并糖尿病患者肝功能更差,并发症发生率和病死率更高；而肝硬化HD与T2DM患者间则无明显差异.

abstractsObjective To investigate clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with diabetes,and to explore the differences of clinical characteristics and prognosis between hepatogenous diabetes (HD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods From November 2010 to April 2012,246 patients with liver cirrhosis were collected and divided into liver cirrhosis complicated with diabetes (LC-DM) group (n=72) and liver cirrhosis without diabetes (LC) group (n=174).LC-DM group was then sub-divided into HD group (n=33) and T2DM group (n =39).All the patients were followed up until death or the study endpoint.The clinical characteristics,prognosis and indicators of glucose metabolism were compared and analyzed.Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin C-peptide release test were conducted in part of patients in LC-DM group.Student t test was performed for mean comparison between two groups.Chi-square test was used for count data and rate comparison between two groups.The death related factors of liver cirrhosis were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results The percentage of alcoholic liver cirrhosis of LC-DM group was 18.1 ％ (13/72),which was higher than that of LC group (6.9％,12/ 174) and the difference was statistically significant (x2=6.946,P=0.008).In HD group,the percentage of patients with diabetes family history was 9.1％ (3/33),which was lower than that of T2DM group (30.8％,12/39),the percentage of alcoholic liver cirrhosis was 30.3％ (10/33),which was higher than that of T2DM group (7.7％,3/39),the total bilirubin level ((43.4±57.7) μmol/L) was higher than that of T2DM group ((22.6 ± 13.3) μmol/L),the total cholesterol level ((3.3 ±1.2) mmol/L) was lower than that of T2DM group ((4.0±1.6) mmol/L),and the differences were statistically significant (x2=5.093 and 6.177,t=2.178 and 2.014,P=0.024,0.013,0.033 and 0.048).The duration of hospitalization,Chiid-Pugh score,the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding,the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy,electrolyte disturbances and mortality of LC-DM group were all higher than those of LC group and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.389 and 2.270,x2 =6.496,5.572,5.194,19.646,all P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between HD group and T2DM group(all P＞0.05).The blood glucose levels of HD group at different time point (0,30,60,120,180 min) were all lower than those of T2DM group and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.175,2.345,3.444,3.090,3.542,all P＜0.05).The fasting insulin level of HD group was close to that of T2DM group,the insulin levels of HD group at other time point (30,60,120,180 min) were all higher than those of T2DM group and the differences were statistically significant (t =3.084,2.881,3.648,2.840,all P＜ 0.05).There was obvious hyperinsulinemia in HD group.At 0,30,60,120,180 min,C-peptide level of HD group was at normal levels,and which of T2DM group was lower than normal.Child-Pugh grade C was an independent predictor factor of death in patients with liver cirrhosis (OR =3.056,95 ％ CI:1.268 ～ 7.346,P=0.013).Conclusions Compared with liver cirrhosis patients without diabetes,the liver function of patients complicated with diabetes was worse,and the incidence of complication and mortality was higher.However there was no significant difference between HD group and T2DM group.