摘要目的:探讨肛周克罗恩病(PCD)患者在CD确诊前后出现肛周病变的临床特征及其变化趋势。方法:回顾性收集2008年1月至2018年9月同济大学附属第十人民医院747例CD住院患者的临床资料，筛选出PCD患者293例，分析CD确诊前后出现肛周病变患者的临床特征并随访其变化趋势。采用 t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、卡方检验进行统计学分析，多因素logistic回归分析影响CD确诊前后肛周病变的相关因素，Spearman相关性分析各临床特征随时间变化趋势。 结果:86.3%(253/293)的PCD患者在CD确诊前出现肛周病变，中位随访时间(范围)为72个月(36～108个月)。与CD确诊后出现肛周病变患者相比，CD确诊前出现肛周病变患者肛周病变首发年龄小[(36.0±12.6)岁比(24.2±10.2)岁]，男性、非狭窄非穿透型、肛周手术治疗患者比例高[分别为62.5%(25/40)比77.9%(197/253)，32.5%(13/40)比56.9%(144/253)，55.0%(22/40)比76.7%(194/253)]，而腹部手术率低[37.5%(15/40)比13.0%(33/253)]，差异均有统计学意义( t＝2.630， χ2＝4.442、8.279、8.379、15.081， P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，CD确诊前有肛周病变者非狭窄非穿透型较狭窄型( OR＝0.447，95% CI 0.207～0.962， P＝0.039)和穿透型( OR＝0.264，95% CI 0.089～0.780， P＝0.016)更常见；CD病程短( OR＝0.981，95% CI 0.968～0.995， P＝0.008)、狭窄型( OR＝2.239，95% CI 1.040～4.822， P＝0.039)、穿透型( OR＝3.788，95% CI 1.281～11.198， P＝0.016)是CD确诊后出现肛周病变的危险因素。随时间推移，PCD患者数增加、生物制剂使用比例升高( r＝0.964、0.879， P均<0.01)，而PCD病程缩短、腹部手术率下降( r＝－0.828、－0.882， P均<0.01)，且生物制剂使用比例与腹部手术率呈负相关( r＝－0.770， P＝0.006)。 结论:需密切监测病程短、穿透型和狭窄型CD患者的肛周表现以早期诊断和治疗，生物制剂可改善PCD的临床结局。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and change trend of patients with perianal lesions before or after Crohn′s disease (CD) diagnosed.Methods:From January 2008 to September 2018, at The Tenth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, the clinical data of 747 hospitalized CD patients were retrospectively collected, 293 patients were PCD patients. The clinical characteristics of PCD patients before or after CD diagnosed were analyzed and the change trend was followed. T test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with perianal lesions onset time. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the change trend of clinical characteristics. Results:Before CD diagnosis, 86.3% (253/293) PCD patients had perianal lesions. The median follow-up time (range) was 72 months (36 to 108 months). Compared with the patients presented with perianal lesions after CD diagnosis, the onset age of patients with perianal lesions before CD diagnosis was younger ((36.0±12.6) years vs. (24.2±10.2) years), and the rates of male (62.5%, 25/40 vs. 77.9%, 197/253), non-structuring and non-penetrating type (32.5%, 13/40 vs. 56.9%, 144/253) and perianal surgery (55.0%, 22/40 vs.76.7%, 194/253) were high, but low rate of abdominal surgery (37.5%, 15/40 vs. 13.0%, 33/253), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.630, χ2=4.442, 8.379, 8.379 and 15.081; all P<0.05). The results of logistic multivariate analysis showed that before CD diagnosis, non-structuring and non-penetrating type was more common than structuring type (odds ratio ( OR)=0.447, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.207 to 0.962, P=0.039) and penetrating type ( OR=0.264, 95% CI 0.089 to 0.780, P=0.016). The short disease duration of CD ( OR=0.981, 95% CI 0.968 to 0.995, P=0.008), structuring type ( OR=2.239, 95% CI 1.040 to 4.822, P=0.039) and penetrating type ( OR=3.788, 95% CI 1.281 to 11.198, P=0.016) were the risk factors of perianal lesions after CD diagnosed. The number of PCD patients ( r=0.964, P<0.01) and the proportion of biological agents ( r=0.879, P<0.01) increased with years, while PCD duration ( r=-0.828, P<0.01) and the rate of abdominal surgery significantly decreased with years ( r=-0.882, P<0.01). The proportion of biological agents was negatively correlated with the rate of abdominal surgery ( r=-0.770, P=0.006). Conclusions:The perianal lesions should be closely monitored in adult CD patients with short disease duration, structuring type and penetrating type for early diagnosis and treatment. Biological agents can improve the clinical outcomes of PCD.