摘要目的 介绍应用倒“Y”形血管吻合的游离穿支皮瓣与肌皮瓣移植在肢体创面修复与功能重建中的临床应用价值和手术技巧. 方法 2006年6月至2010年9月,采用倒“Y”形血管吻合的22个游离穿支皮瓣与肌皮瓣移植治疗18例患者,其中四肢软组织缺损患者12例,四肢功能重建6例；肘关节周围5例,小腿及足踝部13例.对12例感染性创面,经彻底清创后,采用负压封闭引流1～2次临时覆盖创面,直至肉芽组织生长良好.根据受区创面修复及功能重建的需要,选择保留一个粗大分支构建的倒“Y”形血管蒂游离股前外侧皮瓣或背阔肌皮瓣进行移植.在受区稍近端解剖并分离出一段主干血管并切断后,将游离皮瓣的倒“Y”形血管蒂嵌入桥接受区主干血管切断处,分别与受区切断的主干血管的近、远端行端端吻合,形成倒“Y”形血管吻合.在保证皮瓣血供的同时,不影响受区肢体远端的血液循环.如果受区的浅静脉可供吻合,则只需进行倒“Y”形动脉吻合,保留静脉的连续性不必切断.术后密切观察肢体远端的血液循环情况,并对皮瓣的存活和愈合质量进行随访. 结果 术后18例患者移植的21个游离皮瓣全部成活,未发生血管危象,1例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后愈合；肢体远端血液循环正常.随访6 ～ 36个月,平均16.2个月,皮瓣质地、外形良好,重建患肢功能恢复满意,供区未出现明显并发症. 结论 倒“Y”形血管吻合游离皮瓣移植为肢体创面修复与功能重建提供了新的可行且有效的技术方法,特别适合于肘部及已有一条血管毁损的小腿创面的修复与功能重建,手术操作便捷,临床应用方便.

abstractsObjective To discuss the clinic application and surgical technique of the free flap by inverted-Y-shape microvascular anastomosis in tissue defect repair and functional reconstruction of the limb.Methods Twenty-two flaps in 18 patients were involved in the study between June 2006 and September 2010 ( 12 cases for soft tissue defect repair with exposure of the tendons, bones or joints, and 6 cases for functional reconstruction; five cases were around the elbows and 13 cases were around the extremity of the lower limb). Before free flap graft, twelve cases with infective tissue defect were debrided extensively and covered with vacuum sealing drainage from 1 to 2 times and each time last 5 to 7 days until the granulation tissue growing well.Designed the free anterolateral thigh flaps with the transverse and descending branches of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels or free latissimus dorsi flaps with the subscapular and circumflex scapular vessels forming a inverted-Y-shape pedicle to repair the tissue defect or to reconstruct the limb function.The recipient artery was sectioned and the arterial tree of the flap was anastomosed to the recipient vessel by two end-to-end anastomoses.This inverted-Y-shape microvascular anastomosis could supply blood for both the free flap and the extremity of the limb.Not all of the veins of the recipient limb need to be cut off.Observed the circulation of the limb extremity, and evaluated the quality of flaps' survival. Results Complete flap survival was achieved in 21 flaps and without vaso-occlusive crisis; while partial flap loss in 1 case, which healed after changing dressings.The mean follow-up was 16.2 (6-36) months postoperatively,appearance of the flaps and the functions of limbs were satisfactory, and no obvious complication was found in the donor site. Conclusion The free flap by inverted-Y-shape microvascular anastomosis is a new choice for the tissue defect repair and functional reconstruction of the limb,especially for the wound around elbow or extremity of the lower limb with one major artery destroyed.