摘要目的 探讨肺动脉自扩张支架瓣膜的制备以及非体外循环下经皮肺动脉瓣膜置入方法.方法 将修剪后的牛颈静脉带瓣管道缝制到自扩张镍钛支架上,制成肺动脉自扩张支架瓣膜,并置于人工心脏瓣膜脉动流测试仪中检测通过后备用.借助24F支架输送鞘,经髂外静脉途径置入到8头实验猪的肺动脉瓣位置,行超声心动图和数字减影血管造影(DSA)等检测置入瓣膜功能后解剖.结果 肺动脉自扩张支架瓣膜内径(21.9±1.6) mm,外径(24.6±1.5) mm,长(27.9±4.3) mm,有效开瓣面积( 1.83±0.2)cm2.8例中7例置入成功,1例失败.置入后瓣膜两端的峰值跨瓣压差导管法检测为(7.9 ±3.3)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),彩色多普勒心脏超声检测为(9.3±4.1)mmHg.心脏DSA显示所有支架瓣膜无移位、反流或瓣周漏.二维心脏超声显示7例瓣膜启闭完全,瓣叶活动良好,彩色多普勒心脏超声测得其中2例轻度反流.心脏解剖证实支架瓣膜位于肺动脉瓣环处,原肺动脉瓣膜被支架挤贴在动脉壁上.结论 自扩张肺动脉支架瓣膜能在非体外循环下借助导管经皮置入到肺动脉瓣处,术后短期功能良好,提示自扩张支架瓣膜及经皮肺动脉瓣膜置入术具有可行性和临床应用前景.

abstractsObjective The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation of a pulmonary self-expanding valved stent and the percutaneous implantation of a valved stent in the pulmonary valve position without cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods A bovine jugular valve conduit was trimmed to remove the extraneous materials to reduce profile,and then was sutured onto nitinol stents to form a pulmonary self-expanding valved stent.In vitro,it was tested by a pulsatile mock loop system.Through a 24F delivery system,the valved stents were deployed in the pulmonary valve position of 8 pigs,and then in vivo assessment with echocardiography and a postmortem examination were carried out.Results The pulmonary self-expanding valved stent has an inner diameter of (21.9 ± 1.6) mm,an outer diameter of (24.6 ± 1.5 ) mm,a length of (27.9 ± 4.3 )mm,and an effective orifice area of ( 1.8 ±0.2) cm2.7 of the 8 valved stents were exactly deployed in the native pulmonary valve position,1 valved stent failed.The transvalvular pressure gradient was (7.9 ± 3.3 ) mm Hg by catheter measurement,(9.3 ±4.1 ) mm Hg by Doppler echocardiography.The angiography showed no migration,no regurgitation and no paravalvular leak.The echocartiography showed all the new valves opened and closed well with 2 cases of mild regurgitation.Postmortem examination confirmed the valved stent straddled the pulmonary annuli without migration,the native valve was locked between the stent and arterial wall.Conclusion The acute study demonstrates that the self-expanding valved stent can be successfully implanted in the pulmonary position by a catheter delivery system and function well.Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation without cardiopulmonary bypass is feasible and has a wide clinical perspective.