摘要目的:探讨骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)巨核细胞病理特征及其与起始基因突变的相关性。方法:收集2012年2月至2017年10月于中国医学科学院血液病医院就诊的160例初诊MPN患者，根据世界卫生组织(WHO)2016年MPN诊断标准对患者骨髓活检组织切片进行重新评估。结果:160例患者中男72例(45.0%)，女88例(55.0%)，中位年龄59(13~87)岁。重新评估后真性红细胞增多症(PV)39例，原发性血小板增多症(ET)33例，纤维化前/早期原发性骨髓纤维化(pre-PMF)37例，明显期原发性骨髓纤维化(overt PMF)37例，真性红细胞增多症后骨髓纤维化(post-PV MF)2例，原发性血小板增多症后骨髓纤维化(post-ET MF)1例，MPN-未分类(MPN-U)11例。按PV、ET、pre-PMF及overt PMF疾病亚型顺序，密集成簇分布、少分叶核及裸核巨核细胞逐渐增加，红系增生程度正常及增高的比例逐渐降低，1级及以上网状纤维、胶原及骨硬化的比例逐渐升高。相关性分析示密集成簇分布、少分叶核及裸核巨核细胞占比与红系增生程度呈负相关，与粒系增生程度及纤维化程度呈正相关。对pre-PMF及overt PMF患者病理特征的相关性分析示密集成簇分布及裸核巨核细胞占比与纤维化程度呈正相关。JAK2V617F突变MPN患者红系增生程度明显增高( P=0.022)，CALR突变MPN患者疏松成簇、密集成簇、骨小梁旁分布及裸核巨核细胞明显增多( P=0.055， P=0.002， P=0.018， P=0.008)，1级及以上网状纤维、胶原及骨硬化比例增高( P=0.003， P<0.001， P=0.001)。伴JAK2V617F突变pre-PMF及overt PMF患者骨髓增生程度较高( P=0.037)，伴CALR突变患者巨大体积及密集成簇分布巨核细胞明显增多( P=0.059， P=0.055)，1级及以上胶原及骨硬化的比例明显增高( P=0.011， P=0.046)。 结论:不同亚型MPN患者骨髓巨核细胞病理改变特征各异，其病理异常特征与纤维化水平相关。CALR突变可能与巨核细胞病理异常特征及骨髓纤维化水平相关。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the pathological characteristics of megakaryocytes in myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)and their correlations with driver gene mutations.Methods:Trephine specimens administered for 160 patients with MPN from February 2012 to October 2017 were reevaluated according to the World Health Organization(WHO)’s(2016)diagnostic criteria.Results:This cohort of patients included 72(45.0%)men, with the median age of 59(range, 13-87)years, comprising 39 with polycythemia vera(PV), 33 with essential thrombocythemia(ET), 37 with prefibrotic/early-primary myelofibrosis(pre-PMF), 37 with overt PMF, 1 with post-ET MF, 2 with post-PV MF, and 11 with MPN-unclassifiable(MPN-U)after the re-diagnosis. With PV, ET, pre-PMF, and overt PMF changes, proportions of dense clusters, hypolobulated nuclei, and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes gradually increased, whereas erythropoiesis gradually decreased. Proportions of reticulin, collagen, and osteosclerosis grades of ≥1 also increased. Dense clusters, hypolobulated nuclei, and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes were negatively correlated with erythropoiesis and positively correlated with granulopoiesis and fibrosis. In patients with pre- and overt PMF, dense clusters and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes were positively correlated with fibrosis. Patients with JAK2V617F MPN had significantly increased erythropoiesis( P=0.022). Patients with CALR-mutated MPN were characterized by increased loose and dense clusters; paratrabecular distribution and naked nuclei of megakaryocytes( P=0.055, P=0.002, P=0.018, P=0.008); and increased reticulin, collagen, and osteosclerosis( P=0.003, P<0.001, P=0.001). In patients with pre- and overt PMF, patients with JAK2V617F had increased cellularity( P=0.037). CALR-mutated patients had increased dense clusters and giant sizes of megakaryocytes, collagen, and osteosclerosis( P=0.055, P=0.059, P=0.011, P=0.046). Conclusion:Megakaryocytes showed abnormal MPN morphology and distribution, which were related to fibrosis. CALR mutation was probably associated with abnormal morphology and distribution of megakaryocytes and fibrosis.