摘要目的 观察玻璃体切割手术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔和外伤性黄斑裂孔的预后差异及其影响因素.方法 对特发性黄斑裂孔72例72只眼,外伤性黄斑裂孔55例55只眼的临床资料进行回顾性分析.所有患眼均接受相同方式的玻璃体切割手术治疗.观察两组患者手术后视力改变和黄斑裂孔闭合形式;对比分析黄斑裂孔直径、手术前视力＜0.1和≥0.1、病程＜4个月和≥4个月与手术后视力改变和黄斑裂孔闭合形式之间的相关性.结果 特发性黄斑裂孔72只眼中,闭合72只眼,占100.0%;外伤性黄斑裂孔 55只眼中,闭合47只眼,占85.5%;黄斑裂孔贴附8只眼,占14.5%.特发性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合高于外伤性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.177,P=0.001).特发性黄斑裂孔和外伤性黄斑裂孔手术后视力与手术前视力比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.841,-4.093;P值均=0.000).特发性黄斑裂孔和外伤性黄斑裂孔手术后视力提高者组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.651,P=0.07).特发性黄斑裂孔手术前视力＜0.1和≥0.1的患眼手术后视力提高者之间比较,差异有统计学意义(x=12.04,P=0.001).外伤性黄斑裂孔手术前视力＜0.1和≥0.1的患眼手术后视力提高者之间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.371,P=0.486).特发性黄斑裂孔手术后视力提高者手术前黄斑裂孔直径小于手术后视力不提高者,差异有统计学意义(t=2.476,P=0.016).外伤性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合者手术前黄斑裂孔直径小于裂孔贴附者手术前黄斑裂孔直径,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.042,P＜0.001).外伤性黄斑裂孔病程＜4个月和≥4个月的患眼,手术后视力改变之间(χ2=0.704)、黄斑裂孔闭合形式之间(χ2=0.166)比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.401,0.684).结论 特发性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合率优于外伤性黄斑裂孔的裂孔闭合率.黄斑裂孔直径和手术前视力是影响特发性黄斑裂孔视力预后的主要因素;而手术前视力和病程对外伤性黄斑裂孔的视力预后无显著影响.

abstractsObjective To evaluate and compare the prognosis of idiopathic macular holes (IMH) and traumatic macular holes (TMH) treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods The clinical data of 72 IMH eyes and 55 TMH eyes, which were treated by PPV between November 2001 and December 2007,were retrospectively reviewed. The visual outcomes and macular anatomic closure were evaluated, and their relationships with prognostic factors including the size of macular hole (MH), preoperative visual acuity (VA) and duration of disease were analyzed. Results The closure rate of IMH (100. 0%) was significant higher than that of TMH (85.5%) (P=0. 001). The postoperative VA of IMH and TMH were (0. 25±0.02) and (0. 21±0. 21) respectively, both significantly increased compare to their preoperative VA (t=-6. 841, -4. 093; P=0.000). VA-increased IMH and TMH eyes had same VA (χ2=3. 651, P=0.07).Pre-PPV VA≥0. 1 IMH eyes had better outcomes than Pre-PPV VA＜0. 1 IMH eyes (χ2 = 12.04, P=0. 001), while Pre-PPV VA had no effects on TMH outcomes (χ2=0. 371, P=0. 486). IMH eyes with small holes had better outcomes (t=2. 476, P=0. 016), and TMH eyes with small holes had better closure (t= -4. 042, P＜0. 001). The duration of disease had no significant influence on TMH visual (χ2=0. 704,P = 0. 401 ) and anatomic (χ2 = 0. 166, P= 0. 684) outcomes. Conclusions PPV is an effective treatment for MH. The closure rate of IMH is higher than that of TMH. The diameter of MH and preoperative VA are major factors for IMH outcomes, and the duration of disease and preoperative VA have no effects on postoperative VA in TMH.