摘要感染性和感染相关性视神经炎(ON)是ON的一个重要类型.感染性ON为病原体蔓延、血行播散等途径直接侵犯视神经所致;感染相关性ON为病原体感染所触发的免疫机制所致.感染性和感染相关性ON临床特征表现为非典型性ON,包括进行性视力下降,持续性眼痛或头痛,糖皮质激素治疗无效甚至加重病情.眼底表现为视盘肿胀伴视盘周围出血或视神经视网膜炎;可同时伴有葡萄膜炎表现.由于该类患者首诊眼科时常缺乏全身感染表现,容易将其误诊为其他类型的视神经病变而误治;尤其是单纯大剂量糖皮质激素治疗可能导致非常严重的后果.因此,如何早期正确诊断感染性和感染相关性ON应引起眼科医生足够重视.

abstractsInfectious and infection-related optic neuritis is an important type of optic neuritis. Infectious optic neuritis is caused by direct spread of pathogenic organism to optic nerve from local infection or blood transmission. Infection-related optic neuritis is caused by pathogens-induced immune allergic reaction. They present with atypical clinical features of optic neuritis, including progressive vision loss, persistent eye pain or headache, ineffectiveness or even worse of glucocorticoid therapy. Fundus manifestations include optic disc swelling with peripapillary hemorrhage or neuro-retinitis, and the feature of concurrent uveitis. When these patients first visit ophthalmic clinics, they often lack signs of systemic infection, thus it is easy to misdiagnose them as other types of optic neuropathy and mistakenly treat them. In particular, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy can lead to very serious consequences. Therefore, how to correctly diagnose infectious and infection-related optic neuritis in the early stages are very important for ophthalmologists and need to be seriously kept in our mind.