摘要目的 建立并初步验证2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生的危险评估模型.方法 回顾性病例分析.2016年1月至2017年12月在南方医科大学住院治疗的T2DM患者753例纳入研究.患者均行散瞳眼底彩色照相以及空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆红素(TB)、血小板、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A(apoA)、载脂蛋白B、血肌酐、血尿素(BUN)、血尿酸、纤维蛋白原(Fg)、肾小球滤过率等实验室检查.随机将患者分为模型组、验证组,分别为702、51例.根据眼底彩色照相结果,将模型组患者再分为DR组、非DR(NDR)组.采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选出DR发生的危险因素;根据相关危险因素的回归系数建立回归方程即DR危险评估模型,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定方程的曲线下面积(AUC),以约登指数最大为标准确定回归方程的诊断临界值.Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验对模型的拟合效能进行检验.验证组对DR危险评估模型的可行性进行评估.结果 702例中,NDR组、DR组分别为483例(68.8％)、219例(31.2％).DR危险因素最佳临界值分别为糖尿病病程4.5年、TB 6.65 μmol/L、apoA≥1.18 g/L、BUN≥6.46 mmol/L、HbAlc 7.75％、HDL-c＜ 1.38 mmol/L、糖尿病肾病、Fg2.94 g/L,其危险因素评分分别为4、2、2、1、2、2、3、1分.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病病程(β=1.272,OR=3.569,95％CI 2.283～5.578,P＜0.001)、TB(β=0.744,OR=2.104,95％CI1.404～3.152,P＜0.001)、BUN (β=0.401,OR=1.494,95％CI0.996～2.240,P=0.052)、HbA1c(β=0.545,OR=1.724,95％CI1.165～2.55,P=0.006)、HDL-c(β=0.666,OR=1.986,95％CI1.149～3.298,P=0.013)、糖尿病肾病(β=1.151,OR=3.162,95％CI2.080～4.806,P=0.013)、Fg(β=0.333,OR=1.396,95％CI0.945～2.061,P=o.094)为DR发生的相关危险因素.DR危险评估模型为P=1/[1+exp-(-3.799+1.272X1+0.744X2+0.769X3+0.401X4+0.545X5+0.666X6+1.151X7+0.333X8)].其中:X1=病程,X2=TB,X3=apoA,X4=BUN,X5=HbA1c,X6=HDL-c,X7=糖尿病肾病,X8=Fg.DR患者AUC为0.787.Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验均满意(x2=10.125,df=8,P=0.256).将验证组患者相关因素代入DR危险评估模型,AUC为0.869,标准误为0.63,95％C为0.745～0.994,P=0.001;Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验均满意(x2=5.345,df=7,P=0.618).结论 DR危险评估模型评估DR的AUC为0.787;T2DM患者DM病程、TB、BUN、HbA1c、HDL-c、糖尿病肾病、apoA、Fg是发生DR的独立危险因素.

abstractsObjective To establish an appropriate diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk assessment model for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A retrospective clinical analysis.From January 2016 to December 2017,753 T2DM patients in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Digital fundus photography was taken in all patients.Fasting plasma glucose (FPG),HbA1c,total bilirubin (TB),blood platelet,total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c),apolipoprotein-A (apoA),apolipoprotein-B (apoB),serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),blood uric acid,fibrinogen (Fg),estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) were collected.The patients were randomly assigned to model group and testify group,each had 702 patients and 51 patients respectively.Logistic regression was used to screen risk factors of DR and develop an assessment scale that can be used to predict DR.Goodness of fit was examined using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results Among 702 patients in the model group,483 patients were DR,219 patients were NDR.The scores for DR risk were duration of diabetes ≥4.5 years,4 points;total bilirubin ＜6.65 mol/L,2 points;apoA≥ 1.18 g/L,2 points;blood urea≥6.46 mmol/L,1 points;HbA1c ≥7.75％,2 points;HDL-c＜ 1.38 mmol/L,2 points;diabetic neplropathy,3 points;fibrinogen,1 point.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.787.The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors independently associated with DR were duration of diabetes (β=1.272,OR=3.569,95％CI 2.283-5.578,P＜0.001),TB (β=0.744,OR=2.104,95％CI 1.404-3.152,P＜0.001,BUN (β=0.401,OR=1.494,95％CI 0.996-2.240,P=0.052),HbA1c (β=0.545,OR=1.724,95％CI 1.165-2.55,P=0.006),HDL-c (β=0.666,OR=1.986,95％CI 1.149-3.298,P=0.013),diabetic nephropathy (β=1.151,OR=3.162,95％CI2.080-4.806,P=0.013),Fg (β=0.333,OR=1.396,95％CI 0.945-2.061,P=0.094).The risk model was P=1/[1+exp-(-3.799+1.272X1+0.744X2+0.769X3+0.401X4+0.545X5+0.666X6+1.151X7+0.333X8)].X1=duration of diabetes,X2=TB,X3=apoA,X4=BUN,X5=HbA1c,X6=HDL-c,X7=diabetic nephropathy,X8=Fg.The area under the ROC curve was 0.787 and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test suggested excellent agreement (x2=10.125,df=8,P=0.256) in model group.The area under the ROC curve was 0.869 and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test suggested excellent agreement (x2=5.345,df=7,P=0.618) in model group.Conclusion The area under the ROC curve for DR was 0.787.The duration of diabetes,TB,BUN,HbAlc,HDL-c,diabetic nephropathy,apoA,Fg are the risk factors of DR in T2DM patients.