摘要目的:观察分析Leber先天性黑矇（LCA）致病基因类型及临床表型特征。方法:回顾性临床研究。2019年至2020年于天津医科大学眼科医院就诊并经基因检测确诊的LCA患者2例及其家系成员6名纳入研究。2例患者来自2个无血缘关系家系，均为先证者。详细询问患者病史并行裂隙灯显微镜、超广角眼底照相、自身荧光（AF）、闪光视觉诱发电位（F-VEP）检查。采集所有受检者外周静脉血3~5 ml，提取全基因组DNA。采用新一代目标区域捕获测序技术对包含381个致病基因的遗传眼病捕获芯片进行测序以获得致病基因及突变。对可疑致病突变位点进行Sanger验证，生物信息学分析确定突变位点的致病性。Sanger测序、实时定量聚合酶链反应、家系内共分离验证突变位点。结果:2例患者均为男性，年龄分别为3、27岁。自幼双眼视物不见，伴眼球震颤、指压眼征1例。家系1先证者（F1-Ⅱ-3），视盘边界清楚，视网膜血管走行及黄斑中心凹未见异常。F-VEP检查可见双眼最大正向波隐含期大致正常，振幅大幅下降。家系2先证者（F2-Ⅱ-1），视盘蜡黄，视网膜骨细胞样色素沉着，黄斑区视网膜脉络膜萎缩呈"金箔样"改变。双眼视网膜大片弱AF。家系成员眼部表型未见异常。基因检测结果显示，F1-Ⅱ-3携带 GUCY2D基因c.835G>A（p.D279N）（M1）及等位基因外显子9~19号缺失（M2）复合杂合突变。其父亲、母亲分别携带M2、M1杂合突变。F2-Ⅱ-1携带 CRB1基因c.1576C>T（R526X）（M3）、c.1522T>C（C508R）（M4）复合杂合突变。其父亲、母亲分别携带M3、M4杂合突变。M2、M4为新发现突变位点。 结论:GUCY2D、 CRB1基因的相关致病性突变分别导致家系1和家系2患者罹患LCA1型、LCA8型；不同致病基因其临床表型存在明显差异。

abstractsObjective:To observe clinical phenotypes and analyze the pathogenic genes of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From 2019 to 2020, 2 patients diagnosed with LCA by genetic testing in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital and their 6 unaffected family members were enrolled in the study. Two patients were from 2 unrelated families, both were probands. The patient's medical history was inquired in detail, slit lamp microscopy, ultra-widefield fundus photography, autofluorescence, and flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) were performed. Peripheral vein blood (3-5 ml) was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from all study subjects. A total of 381 pathogetic genes associated with inherited retinal diseases, were selected by targeted exome sequencing capture strategy. Sanger sequencing was used to verify suspected pathogenic mutations. Candidate pathogenic mutations were identified after bioinformatics analysis. Sanger sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and family co-identification were used to confirm the final mutations.Results:Two patients were male, aged 3 and 27 years. One case had vision loss in both eyes, accompanied by nystagmus and acupressure eye sign since childhood. The clinical hallmark of the proband (F1-Ⅱ-3) in F1 includes clearly boundary of optic disc, normal retinal blood vessels and macular fovea. The implied period of the maximum forward wave in both eyes of F-VEP was roughly normal, and its amplitude decreased significantly. The phenotype of the proband (F2-Ⅱ-1) in F2 includes optic nerve head pallor, bone-spicule intraretinal pigmentation, "gold-foil maculopathy" , retina patchy hypo-autofluorescence in both eyes. There was no abnormal phenotype in the eyes of the family members. According to the genetic diagnosis, the proband (F1-Ⅱ-3) carried the GUCY2D gene c.835G>A (p.D279N) (M1) and exon 9-19 deletion (M2) compound heterozygous mutations, in which M1 was derived from healthy mother and M2 was derived from healthy father. The proband (F2-Ⅱ-1) carried CRB1 gene c.1576C>T(R526X) (M3) and c.1522T>C (C508R) (M4) compound heterozygous mutations, in which M3 from the healthy father, M4 from the healthy mother. M2 and M4 were novel mutations. Conclusion:GUCY2D gene mutations lead to LCA1 type in the F1 family, CRB1 gene mutations lead to LCA8 type in the F2 family; there are significant different phenotypes caused by different pathogenic genes.