摘要目的 了解我国农村0～6岁儿童的忽视状况.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2010年11月在全国共抽取10个省(直辖市)中84个乡镇的7411名0～6岁儿童,其中0 ～2岁儿童3315名,3～6岁组4096名.应用“中国农村0～2岁儿童忽视评价常模”、“中国农村3～6岁儿童忽视评价常模”进行问卷调查.采用SPSS 13.0软件对不同年龄、性别、忽视层面(身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗及社会忽视6个层面)的忽视率与忽视度等进行统计学描述、x2检验及方差分析等.结果 中国农村0～2岁组儿童忽视度为45.01±7.56,忽视率为54.9％(1819/3315)；3～6岁组儿童忽视度为44.42 ±7.57,忽视率为53.8％(2203/4096).0、1、2岁儿童忽视率分别为58.5％(654/1117)、52.2％(597/1144)、53.9％ (568/1054) (P ＜0.05).3～6岁组中,男性情感、安全忽视层面忽视度(44.60±7.86,36.82±9.03)高于女性(44.03±7.72,36.25±9.05)(P值均＜0.05),情感、社会层面忽视率[16.8％(349/2072),28.3％ (586/2072)]也高于女性[14.1％ (286/2024),24.8％(503/2024)](P值均＜0.05).0～2和3～6岁组儿童均以受到单项忽视为主,发生率分别为20.6％(683/3315)和22.7％(931/4096).0～2岁组以单亲家庭和再婚家庭中儿童忽视率较高[62.5％(15/24)和63.2％ (12/19)],3～6岁组以单亲家庭中儿童忽视率最高(60.0％,27/45).结论 中国农村0～6岁儿童忽视状况严重,有待于进一步探讨其影响因素,从而采取有效干预措施.

abstractsObjective To explore the status of child neglect among rural areas children aged 0 -6 years in China.Methods A total of 7411 rural children aged 0 - 6 years old who were composed of two age groups (3315 children aged 0 -2 years old and 4096 children aged 3 -6 years old) were multistage stratified randomly sampled from 84 villages which were representative of 10 provinces of China,in accordance with sex and age in November 2010.To identify the child neglect based on the Neglect Norms for Children Aged 0 to 2 and 3 to 6 Years Old in Rural Areas of China,SPSS 13.0 was employed for analyzing neglect frequency and degree for every group of different age,sex and neglect type ( including physical,emotional,educational,medical,safety and social neglects ).x2 test and analysis of variance were also used.Results The degree of child neglect for the children aged 0 - 2 years old was 45.01 ± 7.56,the neglect frequency was 54.9％ ( 1819/3315 ) ; the degree of child neglect for the children aged 3 - 6 years old was 44.42 ± 7.57,the neglect frequency was 53.8％ (2203/4096).The neglect frequency of children aged 0,1,2 years old were 58.5％ ( 654/1117 ),52.2％ (597/1144),53.9％ ( 568/1054 ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).For children aged 3 -6 years old,the degrees of emotional and safety neglect for males (44.60 ± 7.86,36.82 ± 9.03 ) were higher than females ( 44.03 ± 7.72,36.25 ± 9.05 ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; and the frequencies of emotional and social neglect for males ( 16.8％ ( 349/2072 ),28.3％ ( 586/2072 ) ) were also higher than females( 14.1％ ( 286/2024 ),24.8％ ( 503/2024 ) ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).All children of two age groups suffered neglect mainly on one of the six neglect types (incidences were 20.6％ (683/3315) and 22.7％(931/4096)).For 0 -2 age groups,the higher neglect frequencies happened in the single-parent family and the remarried family (62.5％ (15/24) and 63.2％ (12/19) ),but for children aged 3 -6 years old groups,it happened in the single-parent family ( 60.0％,27/45 ).Conclusion Degree and frequency of child neglect among children aged 0 to 6 years old in the rural areas of China are high,and we should find out risk factors and provide efficient prevention measures.