摘要目的 了解重庆市0～4岁儿童出生缺陷发生水平.方法 在重庆市“一小时经济圈”的23个区(县)中,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取0～4岁儿童6579名,选择32种常见的出生缺陷类型作为调查疾病；除体表性先天畸形外,其余出生缺陷的诊断必须经县级以上医院确诊.于2010年5-9月对调查对象进行体格检查和病史询问.结果 实际调查0～4岁儿童6451名,发现出生缺陷患儿216例,出生缺陷总患病率为33.48‰(95％CI值为29.09‰～ 37.87‰)；共发现25种缺陷类型.患病率最高的前5位出生缺陷类型分别为腹股沟斜疝和脐疝(20.15‰,130例)、先天性心脏病(2.17‰,14例)、多指(趾)并指(趾)(2.02‰,13例)、隐睾(1.86‰,12例)、漏斗胸(1.86‰,12例).男童出生缺陷患病率为52.99‰(178/3359),高于女童的12.29‰(38/3092)( x2=82.42,P＜0.05)；0、1、2、3、4岁组出生缺陷患病率分别为39.30‰(36/916)、38.79‰(41/1057)、36.46‰(56/1536)、28.38‰(47/1656)、27.99‰(36/1286)(x2=4.83,P=0.31)；农村出生缺陷患病率为40.17‰(136/3386),高于城镇的26.18‰( 80/3065)( x2=9.83,P＜0.05).结论 重庆市0～4岁儿童出生缺陷患病率处于中等水平,男童、出生地为农村者出生缺陷患病率较高.

abstractsObjective To learn the prevalence of birth defects in Chongqing.Methods A total of 6579 children aged 0 -4 were chosen by multistage cluster sampling method in central economic districts of Chongqing.A total of 32 kinds of birth defects were selected.All the birth defects,except for the visible congenital malformation,must be diagnosed by the hospital in county.And municipal experts would make a consultation for those that couldn't be diagnosed at the level of county.Investigators trained strictly made a body examination and inquired medical history from May to September in 2010.Results A total of 6541subjects,aged from 0 to 4,were recruited in the present study,and 216 of them were born with birth defects.The total prevalence was 33.48‰(95％CI:29.09‰ -37.87‰).There were 25 kinds of birth defects in total,the first five were heruia(20.15‰),congenital heart disease(2.17‰),polydactylism (2.02‰),cryptorchid(1.86‰) and funnel chest(1.86‰).The prevalence among boys was 52.99‰(178/3359),higher than gids 12.29‰(38/3092 )( x2 =82.42,P ＜ 0.05 ).The prevalence in each group aged 0,1,2,3,4 were 39.30‰(36/916),38.79‰(41/1057),36.46‰(56/1536),28.38‰(47/1656),27.99‰(36/1286),respectively.There were no statistical differences in each group (x2 =4.83,P =0.31 ).The prevalence in countryside was 40.17‰ (136/3386),higher than that in town 26.18‰( 80/3065 ) ( x2 =9.83,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The rate of birth defects in Chongqing was moderate,and boys and kids in rural areas had a higher prevalence rate than their counterparts.