摘要目的 分析南京市部分场所的三手烟污染状况及其分布特点.方法 于2014年3-5月,选取南京市建邺、雨花、江宁、玄武、鼓楼和浦口区与居民生活密切相关的3类场所(住宅、公共场所和交通工具)为研究场所,每类场所均分为吸烟和无烟(禁烟)两种环境,每类场所于每种环境下分别选2～3个采样地点,共51个采样地点,每个采样点分别采集9～10个样品,共采集样品477份.采用表面擦拭取样法和液相色谱质谱联用法对采样点三手烟标志物尼古丁进行定量检测,采用单因素方差分析和t检验对不同吸烟环境的3类场所尼古丁浓度进行比较.结果 477份样品中,来自住宅场所者占27.0％(129/477),公共场所者占61.0％(291/477),交通工具者占11.9％(57/477).吸烟环境的住宅、公共场所、交通工具尼古丁浓度分别为(214±55)、(1 408 ±177)、(1 511 ±785) μg/m2,均高于无烟(禁烟)环境的同类场所[(23 ±9)、(62±11)、(46±15) μg/m2](f值分别为13.79、13.15、3.45,P值分别为＜0.001、＜0.001、0.006).吸烟环境的场所内,墙面、桌子、沙发、柜子、门背面和空调通风处表面尼古丁浓度分别为(171 ±62)、(232±38)、(373±151)、(903±239)、(978±212)、(1 721±517) μg/m2(F=7.06,P=0.009).吸烟环境下,公共场所尼古丁浓度较高(F =9.25,P=0.024);无烟(禁烟)环境下,住宅尼古丁浓度较低(F=7.88,P＜0.001).结论南京市的公共场所、住宅和交通工具均普遍存在三手烟污染情况,吸烟环境的污染程度高于无烟(禁烟)环境;无烟(禁烟)的私人住宅污染程度较低;吸烟环境下,场所内接近通风口、门背面及柜子的尼古丁浓度较高.

abstractsObjective To investigate thirdhand smoke (THS) pollution in certain places of Nanjing,as well as to analyze its distribution characteristics.Methods From March to May,2014,we selected 3 types of places (residencies,public places and transportation vehicles) that were close to people' s living in Jianye,Yuhua,Jiangning,Xuanwu,Gulou and Pukou districts of Nanjing city.For each of the above 3 types of places,2-3 smoking and non-smoking (smoking ban) locations were investigated,totally 51 locations,9-10 samples were collected each location,totally 477 samples.The surface wipe sampling method in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to quantify the levels of nicotine that served as the tracer of THS pollution.One-way ANOVA and t-tests were employed to compare the levels of nicotine collected at different places and locations.Results Totally 477 samples were collected in this study,of which 27.0％ was from residencies (129/477),61.0％ (291/477) from public places and 11.9％ (57/477) from transportations.The levels of indoor surface nicotine in smoking residences,public places and transportations were (214 ± 55),(1 408 ± 177) and (1 511 ± 785) μg/m2,respectively,which were all higher than those in the corresponding non-smoking places ((23 ± 9),(62 ± 11),and (46 ± 15) μg/m2 ; t values were 13.79,13.15,3.45,respectively.P values were ＜ 0.001,＜ 0.001 and 0.006,respectively).In the smoking places,the levels of surface nicotine on walls,desks,sofas,cabinets,door backsides and air conditioning openings were (171-± 62),(232 ± 38),(373 ± 151),(903 ± 239),(978 ± 212),(1 721 ± 517) μg/m2 (F =7.06,P =0.009).In the smoking condition,the levels of surface nicotine collected from public places were higher (F =9.25,P =0.024),while under non-smoking (smoking ban) conditions,the levels of surface nicotine collected from residences were lower (F =7.88,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion THS pollution was widespread in public places,residences and transportations in Nanjing city,which was more serious in the smoking environments than non-smoking (smoking ban) environments; the contamination was less serious in non-smoking (smoking ban) private residences; in the smoking condition,the levels of surface nicotine were relatively high at locations close to air conditioning openings,door backsides and cabinets.