摘要目的：分析四川省彝族贫困农村妇女孕产期保健行为的现状及影响因素。方法于2012年，按照多阶段分层整群抽样原则，抽取四川省凉山州两个贫困县的14个村为调查地，每个村抽取至少10名有0~12月龄婴儿的妇女作为调查对象，共计284名。基于理性行为理论设计结构式调查问卷，由经过培训的彝族女大学生对调查对象进行调查。调查指标包括产前检查率、住院分娩率、产后检查率、社会人口学特征、孕产期保健知识的认知等，采用χ2检验比较不同组别之间上述指标差异，运用结构方程模型进行统计分析。结果在284名调查对象中，拥有2个以上孩子者占51.7%（147名），30岁以上者占41.6%（118名），文盲占87.3%（248名）；产前检查率为69.7%（197名），住院分娩率为26.8%(76名)，产后检查率为22.9%(65名)。孩子数量、年龄、文化程度是孕产期保健行为的影响因素（χ2值分别为10.92、13.24、9.58，P值分别为0.027、0.004、0.008）。结构方程模型分析结果表明，孕产期保健行为主要受主观行为规范（β=0.236，P<0.001）、妇女对孕产期保健的认知（β=0.226，P=0.020）、态度（β=0.157，P=0.001）等因素的直接及间接影响；在主观行为规范中，调查对象对其丈夫（β=0.850， P<0.001）、同伴（β=0.708，P<0.001）、婆婆（β=0.636，P<0.001）的态度依从性较高。结论四川彝族贫困农村妇女孕产期保健行为问题严峻，其主要影响因素不仅包括自身对孕产期保健的认知和态度，同时还包括对周围重要社会关系人群的态度。

abstractsObjective To analyze the status of maternal health behaviors and it's risk factors for Yi-nationality women in poor rural areas of Sichuan province. Methods In 2012, multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 villages of two poor counties in Liangshan Yi-nationality autonomous prefecture Sichuan province. At least 10 women who have infants aged 0-12 months were selected in each simple villages, a total of 284. The structured questionnaire was developed on the basis of the theory of reasoned action. Yi-nationality female college students were trained as investigators. Research indicators included prenatal care rate, hospital delivery rate, postpartum examination rate, socio-demographic characteristics, maternal health care knowledge. χ2 test was used to compare the differences of above indicators among different groups .The structural equation model were used to statistical analyze. Results In the 284 subject women, 51.7%(147/284) women owned more than 2 children, 41.6%(118/284)women were more than 30 years old, 87.3%(248/284)women were illiteracy. The prenatal care rate was 69.7%(197/284), the hospital delivery rate was 26.8%(76/284), and the postnatal check rate was 22.9%(65/284). The influence factors of maternal health behaviors included the number of children, age and education (χ2 were 10.92,13.24,9.58;P values were 0.027, 0.004, 0.008, respectively).The structural equation&nbsp;model analysis results showed that the maternal health behaviors were directly or indirectly affected by subjective norms (β= 0.236, P<0.001), women's cognition (β= 0.226,P=0.020) and women's attitudes on maternal health behavior (β=0.157, P=0.001). Among subjective norms, women have high compliance to their husbands (β=0.850, P<0.001), their peers (β=0.708, P<0.001), and their mothers-in-law (β=0.636, P<0.001). Conclusion There were still serious problems in maternal health behaviors for Yi- nationality women in poor rural areas. The main factors included not only the women's cognition and attitudes for maternal health, but also the attitudes of important social relationships.