摘要心血管疾病是人类健康的主要威胁，我国因心血管病死亡人数几乎占到总死亡人数的50%。更令人担忧的是肥胖和心血管代谢性危险因素已经在一些富裕地区的儿童人群中流行。越来越多来自健康与疾病发育起源领域的研究揭示了生命早期的营养不良或过剩及发育过程中暴露环境危险因素会增加心血管病发生风险。因此，建立和实施有效的早期预防策略势在必行，包括生命早期1000 d的营养优化和减少整个儿童发育成长期暴露于致肥胖的环境风险因素，唯有此才能从根本上遏制心血管病的上升趋势，否则，未来用于诊断和治疗的费用是难以承受的。

abstractsCardiovascular diseases are the major threat to human health and underlie almost half of all deaths in China. Even more serious, obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors have emerged to be prevalent in children and adolescents of some affluent regions. As scientific knowledge emerges on the role of nutritional factors and exposures to environmental risk factors in the developmental origins of health and disease, evidence suggests that it is imperative to create and implement early effective prevention strategies, including optimisation of nutrition at first 1 000 days in life course and reduction of risk factors of obesity exposures during whole childhood, to suppress the rising trend of cardiovascular disease, otherwise, the future costs of diagnosis and treatment are likely to be unaffordable.