摘要目的：研究中国0~7d新生儿纯母乳喂养现状并分析其可能的影响因素。方法于2011—2013年在我国8个不同区域的省份招募产后0~7 d的健康乳母及其新生儿,进行问卷调查和体格检查，收集乳母家庭社会经济状况、怀孕情况、分娩方式,以及新生儿基本情况、健康状况、喂养状况等相关信息，分析0~7d新生儿纯母乳喂养率及其影响因素。结果共纳入产后0~7d的乳母及其新生儿1882对，0~7 d新生儿纯母乳喂养率为13.3%(230名)。使用过奶瓶（OR=0.08，95%CI：0.05~0.12）、乳母本身0~4月龄时是混合喂养（OR=0.22，95%CI：0.08~0.58）、使用过催奶方法（OR=0.58，95%CI：0.35~0.94）是产后7 d内纯母乳喂养的不利因素；与认为奶不够的乳母相比，认为自己奶够孩子吃（OR=6.04，95%CI：3.34~10.94）是产后7 d内纯母乳喂养的有利因素；与北京市相比，云南省（OR=0.10，95%CI：0.04~0.24）、甘肃省（OR=0.03，95%CI：0.01~0.08）的产后7 d内纯母乳喂养率较低；随着新生儿日龄的增加，产后7 d内纯母乳喂养率增加（OR=1.33，95%CI：1.16~1.53）。结论我国0~7 d新生儿纯母乳喂养率较低，存在明显地区差异，不科学的喂养知识和行为显著影响新生儿纯母乳喂养率。

abstractsObjective To investigate the status of exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) and possible influencing factors during 0-7 days postpartum in China. Methods During 2011 to 2013, healthy mothers and neonates who were in the period of 0-7 days postpartum from 8 provinces across different regions of China were recruited to take the questionnaire investigations and physical examinations. Information about socio-economic, pregnant, and delivery status, infant healthy situation and feeding indicators was collected to calculate the rate of exclusive breastfeeding during 0-7 days postpartum and analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 1 882 pairs of mothers and neonates were covered by this study. The rate of EBF was 13.3% (250 cases) during 0-7 days postpartum. Bottle feeding (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.05-0.12), the mothers themselves mixed fed at their 0-4 months old (OR=0.22, 95%CI:0.08-0.58), the mothers who had used methods to stimulate milk secretion (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.35-0.94) might decrease the EBF rate. Compared with the mothers who believed that their breast milk was not enough for their infants, the mothers who believed breastmilk was enough may increase the EBF rate (OR=6.04, 95%CI:3.34-10.94). Comparing to the EBF rate of Beijing, Yunnan (OR=0.10, 95%CI:0.04-0.24), and Gansu(OR=0.03,95%CI:0.01-0.08) had lower EBF rate during 0-7 days postpartum. What's more, the EBF rate increased with the increasing neonates' age (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.16-1.53). Conclusion The EBF rate during 0-7 days postpartum is still low in China and had significant differences in different regions. Suboptimal feeding knowledge and practices affected the EBF rate significantly.