摘要2022年4月以来，不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎已蔓延全球35个国家和地区，共计1 010余例病例被相继报道。此次肝炎涉及地域较广且重症率较高，因此尽早锁定病因并建立有效的预防、诊断和治疗措施至关重要。本文讨论了近期不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎的可能病因和发病机制，并推测该病的发生可能与腺病毒、腺相关病毒感染及新型冠状病毒流行有关，而不同种族间HLA多态性的差异则可能与报告病例多见于欧美国家有关。根据目前的相关证据，可初步判定我国大规模暴发不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎的风险较低，但我们仍需提高对该病的认识和警惕，以积极准备应对策略。

abstractsSince April 2022, severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children has spread to 35 countries and regions around the world, and more than 1 010 cases have been reported. Since the severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin involves a wide range of areas and has a high rate, it is critical to identify the etiology and establish effective preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures as soon as possible. This study discusses the possible mechanisms and countermeasures of the severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children. It speculates that the occurrence of the recent severe acute hepatitis might be related to adenovirus, adeno-associated virus infection, and the COVID-19 epidemic, while the difference in HLA polymorphism among different races might be related to the fact that reported cases were more common in Europe and the United States. Based on the currently available evidence, it can be preliminarily judged that the risk of large-scale outbreak of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children would be low in China, but the persistent awareness and vigilance of the etiology is still needed.