摘要探讨女性自然绝经年龄提前或推迟与代谢综合征（MS）的相关性。采取横断面研究方法，选取广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究中2017年11月至2020年1月完成基线调查的4 734例自然绝经女性为研究对象，收集研究对象的一般人口特征指标、疾病史和女性生理健康指标等。采用logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条曲线分析绝经年龄与MS的相关性。结果显示，研究对象年龄为（60±6）岁，绝经年龄 M（ Q1， Q3）为50（49，52）岁，MS患病率14.8%（699/4 734）；调整相关混杂因素后，绝经年龄与MS呈近似“U”型相关，与自然绝经年龄正常组比，绝经年龄提前（ OR=1.52，95% CI：1.12~2.06）和推迟（ OR=1.77，95% CI：1.36~2.30）MS患病风险增加。绝经年限≤6年和7~9年组中，自然绝经年龄推迟组的MS患病风险分别是绝经年龄正常组的2.40倍（95% CI：1.54~3.75）和2.19倍（95% CI：1.11~4.31）。综上，自然绝经年龄提前和推迟增加MS患病风险，自然绝经年龄推迟增加MS患病风险主要出现在绝经年限10年内。

abstractsTo explore the relationship between the early or delayed age at natural menopause and metabolic syndrome (MS) in women. A total of 4 734 natural menopausal women who completed the baseline survey from November 2017 to January 2020 in the Guangzhou Middle-aged and Elderly Chronic Disease Prospective Cohort Study were selected in this cross-sectional study. Data on general demographic characteristics, disease history and female physiological health indicators were collected. Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline curve were used to analyze the relationship between the age at natural menopause and MS. The results showed that the mean age of the subjects was (60±6) years old. The median ( Q1, Q3) age at natural menopause was 50 (49, 52) years old, and the prevalence of MS was 14.8%(699/4 734). After adjusting for confounders, the age at natural menopause was closely related to MS in an approximate"U"shape. Compared with the group of normal age at natural menopause, the early age at menopause ( OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.06) and delayed age at menopause ( OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.36-2.30) had a higher risk of MS. In the group with time since menopause ≤6 years and 7-9 years, the risk of MS in the group with delayed age at menopause was 2.40 times (95% CI: 1.54-3.75) and 2.19 times (95% CI: 1.11-4.31) higher than that in the group with normal menopausal age, respectively. In conclusion, the early and delayed age at natural menopause increased the risk of MS. The increased risk of MS in delayed age at natural menopause mainly occurred within 10 years since menopause.