摘要本研究基于Python网络爬虫技术系统检索得到肺炎球菌疫苗、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗、b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗和轮状病毒疫苗的接种费用支付政策信息，结合我国2020年医保参保比例和人口数据，估计政策覆盖人群在疫苗适用人群中的占比。结果显示，我国疫苗接种费用支付政策主要包括免费接种和医保支付两大类，在四种非免疫规划疫苗中，免费接种政策仅涉及肺炎球菌疫苗和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗，其中13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗、23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗分别在1、10和15个省份为特定人群提供免费接种，各疫苗相应的政策覆盖人群及其在疫苗适用人群中占比分别为6月龄至2岁儿童（2.5%）、老年人（1.2%~21.5%）和在校初中女生（1.1%~12.2%）；医保支付政策在14个省份实施，政策实施地区几乎均覆盖上述四种疫苗，政策覆盖人群在疫苗适用人群中占比为10.9%~41.5%。

abstractsThis study systematically retrieved information on the payment policy of vaccination fees for pneumococcal vaccines, human papillomavirus vaccines, haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines and rotavirus vaccines using a Python-based crawler. The proportion of the population covered by policies among the total applicable population was estimated based on the medical insurance coverage ratio and population data in 2020. This study showed that the payment policies included two categories, government-funded free vaccination policies and medical insurance payment policies. Among the four non-national immunization program vaccines, the free vaccination policies only involved pneumococcal vaccines and human papillomavirus vaccines. Among them, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine were provided free of charge in 1, 10 and 15 provinces, respectively. For these policies, the corresponding covered population and the proportion among the total applicable population were children aged 6 months to 2 years old (2.5%), older people (1.2% to 21.5%) and middle school girls (1.1% to 12.2%). Medical insurance payment policies were implemented in 14 provinces, and nearly covered the four types of vaccines in the policy implementation areas, with the proportion of the covered population about 10.9% to 41.5% among the total applicable population.