摘要自人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗问世以来，各国积极推进HPV疫苗大规模接种以提高主要目标人群疫苗覆盖率。本研究从多维度分析高收入、中高收入、中低收入等不同收入水平国家HPV疫苗免费接种项目政策、实施模式以及项目评估情况，揭示在不同收入水平国家，HPV疫苗免费接种项目的实施与评估呈现差异化特征，研究结果提示我国可借鉴国际成功经验，探索更优接种策略以提高疫苗接种率，同时构建科学评估指标体系并开展系统性评估，以有力支撑我国主要目标人群HPV疫苗免费接种项目持续实施，或将合适HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划并适时对疫苗种类进行动态调整，以期早日实现加速消除子宫颈癌目标。

abstractsSince the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, countries around the world have actively promoted large-scale vaccination with HPV vaccines to improve their coverage for target populations. This study conducts a multidimensional analysis to quantify the policies, implementation models and evaluation outcomes of the free HPV vaccination program across countries at high, upper-middle and lower-middle income levels. The results reveal distinct patterns in implementation and evaluation among these countries. The results also suggest that China can learn from successful international experiences to explore more effective vaccination strategies to increase coverage. In parallel, it is essential to develop a scientifically grounded evaluation framework and conduct systematic evaluations to effectively support the continuous implementation of the free HPV vaccination program for target populations in China. Furthermore, China may consider incorporating appropriate HPV vaccines into the National Immunization Program and dynamically adjusting vaccine types as needed to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer.