摘要2025年正值中华医学会成立110周年。在这跨越世纪的医学发展历程中，人体生物监测技术已成为环境医学领域评估人群环境暴露和健康风险的关键工具。进入21世纪以来，我国持续推进人体生物监测技术体系建设，为环境化学物质管控和健康防护策略提供了重要科学依据，《中华预防医学杂志》长期关注并记录了这一领域的发展轨迹，发表了一系列具有重要学术价值的研究成果，为专业交流与知识传播搭建了重要平台。在此重要历史时刻，本文系统梳理人体生物监测国内外发展现状，阐明其在预防医学中的核心价值，重点介绍我国国家人体生物监测项目的建设进展与技术特色，深入剖析面临的挑战，并展望未来发展方向，旨在为“健康中国2030”战略下的环境健康风险精准防控提供科学参考。

abstractsIn 2025, Chinese Medical Association commemorates its 110th anniversary. Over this century-spanning journey in medical advancement, human biomonitoring (HBM) has emerged as a pivotal tool in environmental medicine for assessing population exposure to environmental pollutants and associated health risks. Since the dawn of the 21st century, China has actively advanced its HBM technological framework, providing critical scientific support for chemical regulation policies and public health protection. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine has consistently chronicled progress in this field, publishing high-impact research and serving as a key platform for academic exchange and knowledge dissemination.Marking this milestone, this article systematically reviews the current state of global HBM development, elucidates its indispensable role in preventive medicine, and highlights advancements and technical innovations within China′s National Human Biomonitoring Program. It further examines persistent challenges and outlines future directions, offering scientific support for precision interventions in environmental health risks under the "Healthy China 2030" strategy.