摘要自20世纪60年代发现弱视动物模式的弱视眼优势柱向非剥夺眼转移,后继出现了大量关于弱视神经机制的研究.多年来国内外学者从动物实验、神经电生理、脑功能成像等多角度对弱视的发病机制进行探索,为弱视大脑皮层功能和结构研究提供了许多新的思路.行为学研究发现弱视不仅存在初级视觉皮层功能的损伤,也存在高级视觉认知功能的缺陷.越来越多的研究认为弱视患者初级视觉皮层的功能异常尚不足以解释弱视患者在行为学方面所表现的视功能异常.尤其近年来神经电生理和影像学技术的应用,发现弱视患者的皮层损伤不仅局限于初、高级视觉皮层,也累及与之相连的传导通路和复杂的网络连接,并且弱视患者也存在视放射及多个与视觉相关的脑区白质神经网络结构异常.本文对近几年有关弱视脑部功能与结构损伤的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步研究提供参考.

abstractsPrevious studies have observed functional deficits in primary visual cortex. With the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological technique, the research of the striate, extra-striate cortex and higher-order cortical deficit underlying amblyopia reaches a new stage. The neural mechanisms of amblyopia show that anomalous responses exist throughout the visual processing hierarchy, including the functional and structural abnormalities. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about structural and functional deficits of brain regions associated with amblyopia.