摘要目的:探讨黄芩苷在体内急性高眼压模型及体外氧糖剥夺/再灌注（OGD/R）模型视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）死亡中的作用及其机制。方法:实验研究。取SPF级C57BL/6小鼠，通过前房灌注平衡盐溶液建立急性高眼压模型，于建模后不同时间点（分为对照组及急性高眼压后1、3、5、7 d组，每组取5只小鼠）取材评估视网膜损伤程度；同时联合荧光金上丘逆行标记RGC计数，评价尾静脉注射50 mg/kg黄芩苷对急性高眼压建模5 d时RGC损伤的作用。利用Western印迹、实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠急性高眼压模型视网膜炎性反应因子的表达。体外培养纯化的原代RGC，建立OGD/R模型，流式细胞术评价不同浓度（2.5、5.0、10.0 μmol/L）黄芩苷对RGC存活率的影响。建立小鼠小胶质细胞BV2细胞和原代RGC共培养体系，在OGD/R模型下，酶联免疫吸附试验检测BV2细胞炎性反应因子的分泌，评估黄芩苷对BV2细胞的作用及RGC存活的影响。采用方差分析进行统计学分析。结果:在小鼠急性高眼压模型中可观察到视网膜厚度变薄，建模后3 d厚度下降至87.32%±0.94%（ t=6.73， P<0.01），5 d后厚度降至74.86%±2.43%（ t=13.40， P<0.01），7 d后仅为63.53%±2.15%（ t=19.46， P<0.01），差异有统计学意义。荧光金上丘逆行标记RGC计数同样观察到急性高眼压建模后5 d RGC存活率下降至61.32%±5.94%（ t=6.59， P<0.01），给予尾静脉注射50 mg/kg黄芩苷预处理后，RGC的存活率提高至89.93%±10.08%（ t=4.84， P<0.01）。Western印迹、实时荧光定量PCR检测急性高眼压建模后炎性反应因子肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β、诱导性一氧化氮合酶的表达，均有不同程度的增高，黄芩苷干预后炎性反应因子的表达降低。同样，在体外OGD 2 h/R 6 h后原代RGC存活率下降至51.53%±1.36%（ t=14.91， P<0.01），5.0、10.0 μmol/L黄芩苷预处理后存活率提高至69.37%±7.09%、66.23%±4.25%（ t=5.50，4.53；均 P<0.01），差异有统计学意义。在BV2细胞和RGC共培养体系下，OGD 2 h/R 6 h后RGC的存活率为41.83%±3.55%，低于单纯RGC培养OGD 2 h/R 6 h后RGC的存活率51.33%±1.16%（ t=4.96， P=0.042）；5.0 μmol/L黄芩苷预处理后，可减轻BV2细胞分泌白细胞介素1β，由（61.33±5.78）pg/ml降至（39.97±8.76）pg/ml（ t=4.19， P=0.010），且与5.0 μmol/L黄芩苷预处理后单纯RGC培养（69.37%±7.09%）比，可提高RGC存活率至73.00%±5.20%（ t=2.82， P=0.048）。 结论:体内急性高眼压模型、体外单纯OGD/R模型下，黄芩苷可直接减轻视网膜及RGC损伤，并通过抑制视网膜炎症细胞炎性反应因子的表达，发挥保护RGC的作用。（中华眼科杂志， 2020， 56： 376- 382）

abstractsObjective:To explore the potential neuroprotection effects and associated mechanism of baicalin in a rodent acute hypertensive glaucoma model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury.Methods:Experiment research. A rapid and substantial elevation of intraocular pressure was performed to establish an acute hypertensive glaucoma model, and retinal thickness was assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The mice were then randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, hypertension group, and baicalin (50 mg/kg) for hypertension group. The effects of baicalin on the RGCs were evaluated by retrograde transporting of Fluoro-Gold. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukine-1β (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase were detected by real-time PCR, and the protein levels were measured by Western blot in the retina tissue of acute hypertensive glaucoma model. Purified primary RGC survival under OGD/R stress was measured by flow cytometry, which was also performed to measure the survival rate of RGCs pretreated by different doses of baicalin (2.5 μmol/L, 5.0 μmol/L, and 10.0 μmol/L). The effects of baicalin on primary RGCs co-cultured with mouse microglia cell line BV2 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytokine IL-1β in the culture supernatant was measured by immunochemical analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance.Results:Retinal tissue injuries and RGC loss were observed both in vivo and in vitro. Retinal thickness was decreased to 87.32%±0.94% at 3 days ( t=6.73, P<0.01), 74.86%±2.43% at 5 days ( t=13.40, P<0.01), and 63.53%±2.15% at 7 days ( t=19.46, P<0.01). Treatment of 50 mg/kg baicalin significantly promoted the RGC survival from 61.32%±5.94% to 89.93%±10.08% ( t=4.84, P<0.01). Baicalin alleviated the retinal damages by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines as revealed by Western blot and real-time PCR. In vitro the RGC survival under OGD/R stress was increased from 51.53%±1.36% to 69.37%±7.09% and 66.23%±4.25% with 5.0, 10.0 μmol/L baicalin administration ( t=5.50, 4.53; both P<0.01). BV2 under OGD/R stress did extra damage to RGCs, and baicalin could reverse the damages and increase the survival from 69.37%±7.09% to 73.00%±5.20% ( t=2.82, P=0.048) by reducing the release of IL-1β [(39.97±8.76) pg/ml vs. (61.33±5.78) pg/ml, t=4.19, P=0.010]. Conclusion:Baicalin could alleviate retina tissue injury directly and promote the survival of RGCs by downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and protecting RGCs from ischemia reperfusion injury. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 376- 382)