摘要视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病相关性视神经炎是引起患者视力严重下降的常见神经眼科疾病。视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病具有复发率高、预后差的特点。控制急性炎性反应、预防复发是视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病治疗的两个主要目标。随着对视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病发病机制的深入研究，不断出现针对病变发生过程中不同阶段新的治疗方法。本文就视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病相关性视神经炎的治疗现状和治疗前景综述如下。 （中华眼科杂志，2020，56： 539-543）

abstractsNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) related optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) is a common neuro-ophthalmic disease which often results in permanent blindness. NMOSD is characterized by high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Therefore the two key objectives of the therapeutic approach for patients with NMOSD are treatment of the acute attacks and prevention of the relapses. With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of NMOSD, new treatments developed for different stages of the disease are emerging. This review gives an update of latest knowledge of NMOSD-ON, emphasizing both current and future therapeutic approaches. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 539-543)