摘要目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者不同视网膜病变阶段对应的角膜病变表现。方法:病例对照研究。选择2015年5月至2019年12月青岛眼科医院就诊的90例（90只眼）2型糖尿病患者，根据糖尿病视网膜病变临床分期分为非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）组（30例）、增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）早期组（30例）和PDR中晚期组（30例），对照组纳入年龄性别匹配的健康人30名。采用活体共聚焦显微镜（IVCM）观察角膜中央区各层次角膜图像，比较角膜神经纤维长度、神经纤维密度、神经纤维分支密度和神经纤维弯曲度，并比较角膜免疫细胞、上皮基底细胞、前基质细胞及内皮细胞计数。各组均数间比较采用单因素方差分析，多个样本均数之间两两比较采用SNK- q检验；各组构成比的比较采用χ 2检验。 结果:IVCM观察可见对照组神经纤维数量和分支较多，走行平缓，而糖尿病各组角膜上皮下神经纤维疏松，走行弯曲。对照组、NPDR组、PDR早期组、PDR中晚期组的神经纤维长度分别为（21.55±2.57）、（14.73±1.56）、（11.23±1.40）、（8.02±1.33）mm/mm 2，组间比较差异均有统计学意义（ F=316.17， P=0.00）。各组间神经纤维密度、分支密度、弯曲度的组间比较差异均有统计学意义（ F=345.72，479.46，167.00； P<0.01）。对照组、NPDR组、PDR早期组、PDR中晚期组的上皮基底细胞密度分别为（5 761±303）、（5 336±367）、（4 146±379）、（3 658±365）个/mm 2，各组间比较差异均有统计学意义（ F=234.94， P=0.00）。对照组、NPDR组、PDR早期组、PDR中晚期组角膜前基质细胞密度分别为（836±30）、（727±57）、（544±59）、（360±47）个/mm 2，各组间比较差异均有统计学意义（ F=535.08， P=0.00）。对照组、NPDR组、PDR早期组、PDR中晚期组各组角膜内皮细胞六边形细胞比例为62.0%±5.5%、51.1%±3.7%、40.2%±4.0%、27.8%±3.9%，朗格汉斯细胞数量为（1.5±0.6）、（4.2±1.3）、（6.8±2.1）、（10.9±2.1）个/mm 2，组间比较差异均有统计学意义（ F=342.28，179.78； P<0.01）。角膜内皮细胞密度在各组间比较差异无统计学意义（ F=1.58， P=0.20）。 结论:2型糖尿病患者随眼底病程发展，角膜神经纤维数量及分支密度明显减少，角膜内皮细胞六边形细胞比例、上皮基底细胞和前基质细胞密度均降低，免疫细胞可能参与糖尿病角膜病变发展。 （中华眼科杂志，2020，56：754-760）

abstractsObjective:To study the diabetic keratopathy in type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy by in vivolaser confocal microscopy. Methods:This was a case-control study. Ninety type 2 diabetes patients were involved in this study from May 2015 to December 2019 in Qingdao Eye Hospital. According to the diabetic retinopathy clinical stage, these patients were divided into the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (30 cases), early stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (30 cases) and intermediate to late stage PDR group (30 cases). Thirty non-diabetic healthy volunteers were included in the control group. The central cornea was observed with an in vivolaser confocal microscope. The corneal nerve fiber density, nerve fiber length, nerve branch density, and nerve fiber tortuosity were compared between groups. The corneal Langerhans cells, epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells were also compared. Results:There were more nerve fibers and branches in the control group than the other three diabetic groups. The nerve fiber length in the control group, NPDR group, early stage PDR group and intermediate to late stage PDR group was (21.55±2.57), (14.73±1.56), (11.23±1.40) and (8.02±1.33) mm/mm 2, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences between the groups ( F=316.17, P=0.00). In the nerve fiber density, nerve branch density and curvature, there were statistically significant differences between the groups ( F=345.72, 479.46, 167.00, all P=0.00). The basal cell density in the control group, NPDR group, and two PDR groups was (5 761±303), (5 336±367), (4 146±379) and (3 658±365) cells/mm 2, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences between the groups ( F=234.94, P=0.00). The anterior stromal cell density in the four groups was (836±30), (727±57), (544±59) and (360±47) cells/mm 2, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences between the groups ( F=535.08, P=0.00). The hexagonal endothelium cell rate in the four groups was 62.0%±5.5%, 51.1%±3.7%, 40.2%±4.0% and 27.8%±3.9%, respectively, and the Langerhans cell density was (1.5±0.6), (4.2±1.3), (6.8±2.1) and (10.9±2.1) cells/mm 2, respectively; there were statistically significant differences between the groups ( F=342.28, 179.78, all P=0.00). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the corneal endothelial cell density ( F=1.58, P=0.20). Conclusions:In type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy, the corneal nerve fiber and branch density can be significantly reduced, and the density of the hexagonal corneal endothelial cells, epithelial basal cells and anterior stromal cells can also decrease. Langerhans cells may be involved in the development diabetic keratopathy. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 754-760)