摘要病理性近视眼（PM）是一种全球性致盲性眼病，也是亚洲人群最常见的视力损伤原因。PM最明显的特征是眼轴增长，出现后巩膜葡萄肿，甚至视网膜、脉络膜发生退行性改变，出现相应并发症，最终严重影响视力。控制眼轴增长是预防PM并发症的关键因素。后巩膜加固术是延缓眼轴增长、治疗后巩膜葡萄肿的主要手术方法。虽然大部分研究结果证实后巩膜加固术对延缓眼轴增长和近视发展具有效果，但也有学者持不同意见。本文汇总了国内外后巩膜加固术治疗PM的最新研究结果，分析手术对患者视力、屈光度数、眼轴长度、角膜曲率等方面的影响，探讨手术的有效性，以期为临床相关工作提供参考。（ 中华眼科杂志，2021， 57： 952-957）

abstractsPathological myopia, a blinding eye disease, is the most common cause of visual impairment in Asian countries. The most obvious features of pathological myopia are the elongation of the eye axis, the appearance of posterior scleral staphyloma, and even degenerative changes in the retina and choroid, resulting in corresponding complications and ultimately leading to marked visual impairment. Controlling the elongated eye axis is a key factor in preventing the complications of pathological myopia. Posterior scleral reinforcement is the main surgical method to delay the elongation of the eye axis and treat the posterior scleral staphyloma. Although most studies have confirmed that posterior scleral reinforcement is effective in delaying axial elongation and treating myopia, some scholars hold negative views on this surgery. This article summarizes the relevant research results of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in the treatment of pathological myopia, concerning patients′ vision, refractive power, eye axis, and corneal curvature, and discusses the effectiveness of the surgery. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 952-957)