摘要目的:探讨不同年龄近视眼和近视散光人群的低阶像差和高阶像差的分布规律。方法:横断面研究。连续收集2013年1月至2017年7月于天津市眼科医院屈光手术中心进行像差检查的近视眼和近视散光人群资料，均取其右眼数据用于分析。所有受试者进行Wavescan波前像差仪、裂隙灯显微镜、主觉验光和最佳矫正视力（BCVA）检查。每例受试者检查结果数据为32项，包括受试者年龄、BCVA、低阶像差（球镜度数、柱镜度数和散光轴位）以及高阶像差（3~6阶像差的Zernike多项式系数及其均方根）。将年龄分为5个值域，其他特征分为3个值域，采用关联规则挖掘中的频繁模式增长算法进行机器学习，分别用置信度和支持度来表示年龄与不同特征关联规则的真实性和频率。结果:最终纳入1 507例受试者，其中男性694例，女性813例；年龄为（23.28±5.45）岁。高阶像差在年龄从低到高的人群中呈现降低的趋势，最低值出现在25~30岁人群［3阶像差均方根（低均方根的置信度为47.74%）、4阶像差均方根（低均方根的置信度为86.01%）和三叶草像差（ x和 y轴方向低均方根的置信度分别为56.38%和73.25%）］和30~35岁［初级球差（低像差的置信度为56.10%）和垂直彗差（像差的置信度为56.91%）］，然后又随年龄段增大。顺规散光随人群年龄段增大逐渐减少，而逆规和斜轴散光则逐渐增多（顺规散光的置信度在由低到高的年龄段人群中分别为88.66%、84.71%、81.07%、79.67%和66.35%，呈降低趋势，而逆规和斜轴散光逐渐增加）。 结论:随着年龄的增长，人群中顺规散光减少，逆规散光增加；25~35岁人群的高阶像差最低。

abstractsObjective:The objective of this retrospective study was to employ machine learning techniques to examine age-related traits of ocular aberrations in a substantial population with myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Data from a population of myopic and myopic astigmatism patients who underwent wavefront aberration examinations at the Refractive Surgery Center of Tianjin Eye Hospital in Tianjin, China, were collected continuously from January 2013 to July 2017. The data from the right eye of each individual were collected for analysis. Each eye had 32 outcome data points, including age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), lower-order aberrations (spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter, and astigmatic axis), and higher-order aberrations [Zernike coefficients and root mean square (RMS) of the third to sixth order aberrations] were analyzed. Higher-order aberrations were measured by Hartmann-Shack aberrometer.Results:The study included 1 507 subjects (1 507 eyes), comprising of 694 males and 813 females, with a mean age of (23.28±5.45) years. The findings demonstrated a decrease followed by an increase in most of the higher-order aberrations with age between 15-40 years. The minimum value points were observed in the age group of 25-30 years for RMS of total higher-order aberrations, 3rd RMS (with a confidence of 47.74% for range 1), 4th RMS (with a confidence of 86.01% for range 1), and trefoil aberrations (with a confidence of 56.38% for C 33 and 73.25% for C 3-3). The minimum value points were also observed in the age group of 30-35 years for primary spherical aberration (with a confidence of 56.10% for C 40) and vertical coma-like aberration (with a confidence of 56.91% for C 3-1). In contrast, astigmatism with the rule tended to decrease with age, while astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism tended to increase (with a confidence of 88.66%, 84.71%, 81.07%, 79.67%, and 66.35% for astigmatism with the rule in different age groups). Conclusions:As age increases, the population with with-the-rule astigmatism decreases while the population with against-the-rule astigmatism increases. The high-order aberrations are the lowest in the 25-35 age group.