摘要青光眼是一种以视网膜神经节细胞进行性丢失为特点的退行性病变，导致不可逆性视野缺损、低视力和盲。病理性眼压升高虽然是青光眼的主要危险因素，但是开发除降低眼压外，可预防和阻止视网膜神经节细胞损伤和凋亡的治疗方法至关重要。不同类型青光眼的初始治疗方法多数为药物治疗。本文基于国内外最新研究结果，针对已应用于临床或处于临床前研究中的具有视神经直接保护作用的药物进行总结和分析，为青光眼临床治疗工作提供参考信息。

abstractsGlaucoma is a neural degenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in irreversible visual field loss, low vision, and total blindness. Despite the fact that the pathological elevation of intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma, it is imperative to develop therapies that can prevent and block retinal ganglion cell injury and apoptosis in addition to reducing intraocular pressure. Drug therapy is the primary treatment for glaucoma in most clinical cases. This article provides reference information for the clinical treatment of glaucoma by summarizing and analyzing the medications that have direct optic nerve protection in clinical or preclinical trials, based on the most recent research results from both domestic and international studies.