摘要人工视觉系统的发展为视功能严重受损甚至失明患者带来了重获视力的希望。本综述介绍了当前人工视觉技术的主要进展，包括视网膜假体、视神经假体、视皮层假体及其他相关设备的创新与应用。视网膜假体部分，详细阐述了视网膜上假体、视网膜下假体和脉络膜上假体，它们通过电刺激视网膜及其周围组织恢复部分视觉功能。视神经假体直接刺激视神经，为特定患者提供了视觉恢复途径。视皮层假体绕过视网膜和视神经，直接刺激大脑视觉皮层，适用于传统方法难以修复的患者，展现出全面恢复视觉感知的潜力。此外，还探讨了超声视觉假体、液态视网膜、化学视网膜假体等新兴技术，为特定患者群体提供了不同的视觉修复策略。最后，总结了人工视觉系统中的前沿技术，特别是纳米材料、先进图像处理技术和新型电极材料的应用，它们推动人工视觉技术朝着更高分辨率、更高效能和个性化定制的方向发展，为未来视觉修复提供了广阔前景。

abstractsThe development of artificial vision systems offers the potential to restore vision for patients with severe visual impairments or blindness. This review provides an overview of the current advancements in artificial vision technologies, focusing on retinal prostheses, optic nerve prostheses, cortical prostheses, and other emerging devices. Retinal prostheses are categorized into epiretinal devices, subretinal devices, and suprachoroidal implants, which work by electrically stimulating the retina or adjacent tissues to partially restore visual function. Optic nerve prostheses target the optic nerve to transmit visual signals directly to the brain, providing a potential solution for patients with retinal damage but intact optic nerves. Cortical prostheses bypass both the retina and optic nerve, directly stimulating the visual cortex, and hold promise for restoring vision in patients who are otherwise untreatable through conventional approaches. Additionally, this review discusses other emerging devices, including ultrasonic visual prostheses, liquid retina, and chemical retinal prostheses, which offer alternative strategies for specific patient populations. Finally, the review highlights cutting-edge advancements in nanomaterials, image processing, and novel electrode technologies, which are driving the development of artificial vision systems towards higher resolution, greater efficiency, and personalized solutions, paving the way for more effective visual restoration in the future.