摘要隐匿性黄斑营养不良（OMD）是黄斑区视锥细胞受损的遗传性黄斑疾病，临床特征为视力下降而检眼镜检查眼底无明显异常表现，相干光层析成像术、眼底红外光成像、视野及多局部视网膜电图检查可发现黄斑区视网膜结构和功能改变。本文汇集国内外最新研究进展，总结OMD的临床特征、致病基因、遗传特征及其分子机制，以期提高临床对OMD的认识，为深入开展临床研究和探索治疗方法提供参考。

abstractsOccult macular dystrophy is an inherited macular disorder associated with cone degeneration. The characteristic clinical feature is decreased visual acuity despite a normal fundus appearance on ophthalmoscopy. Optical coherence tomography, infrared reflectance imaging, visual field testing, and multifocal electroretinography may detect structural and functional abnormalities in the macular region. This article reviews the latest advances in both domestic and international research, summarizing the clinical characteristics, pathogenic genes, genetic features, and molecular mechanisms, aiming to enhance clinical understanding of the disease and provide insights for further research and therapeutic exploration.