摘要砭石在治疗疾病中的基本用途是切割痈脓和刺泻瘀血,因而在形制上需具有锋利的刃口或细长的尖锋.结合相应的考古出土实物,细石器中的砭石,主要为刮削器、尖状器和石镞.磨制石器中的砭石,按照形制和功能可以分为三大类,即用于锥刺的锥尖状砭石,如石针、石锥、石镞等;用于切割的刀镰状砭石,如石刀、石镰、石锛、石凿等;兼具切割和锥刺功能的戈矛状砭石,如石矛、石剑、玉(石)戈等.从古代文献记载的使用情况来看,其中用于锥刺的锥尖状砭石应是古代砭石的主流.有关学者提出的用于熨烫、按摩及扣击体表的砭石,并不属于古代砭石的范畴.

abstractsThe basic use of stone needles in curing disease is cutting the carbuncles and purulences and pricking and draining off the sores. As a result, the forms of stone needle need to have a sharp cutting edge or slender point. Combining with corresponding unearthed material objects of archeology, the microlith-ie stone needle of mainly consists of a scraper, tip-like device and stone arrowheads. The stone needle of polished stone implements can be divided into three categories according to different forms and functions, that is conical-tip stone needles for pricking, e.g. lithostyle, coup de poing and stone arrowhead etc. ; sick-le-shaped needle stone for cutting, e.g. stone knife, stone sickle, stone adze and stone chisel etc; spear-shaped stone needle for both cutting and pricking, e.g. stone spear, stone sword, jade(stone) spear etc. From the usage cases recorded in the ancient literature, the conical-tip stone needle for pricking ought to be the most used of the ancient stone needles. Use of the stone needle for hot stroking, massage and knoc-king at the body surface, which was raised by some related scholars, does not belong to the domain of ancient stone needles.