摘要从17世纪下半叶起,西欧相继出现了柏林皇家医学会、巴黎外科学会、爱丁堡和伦敦医学会等医学团体,它们通过举办会议,编辑期刊,极大地推动了当时欧洲医学的进步.19世纪末期,西方在华医学传教士为了更好地进行医学传教及医学教育工作,借鉴西方的医学社团制度,成立了"中国博医会"."博医会"致力从事医学名词的统一与标准化、教会医院与医学教育、中国本土疾病的研究和公共卫生4方面的工作,极大地促进了西医学在中国的传播.由于"博医会"规定非宗教服务人士不得成为正式会员,致使许多学者无法入会,再加之海外中国医学留学生陆续回国,本土西医学者自主传播西医的意识不断增强.于是,上海医学会、中国药学会、中华医学会和中华民国医药学会等本土西医社团陆续成立.其中,中华医学会成立于1915年.由于部分成员来自"博医会",因此其在组织结构、功能、运行机制,以及主要事业和期刊杂志的编辑出版等方面都直接或间接借鉴了"博医会".从这一意义而言,"博医会"可以说是中国近代医学社团的"样板".

abstractsIn modern times, the development and exchange of scientific research were promoted greatly by establishments of scientific societies in the west. In the second half of the 17th century, medical societies such as the Berlin Royal Society of Medicine, the Paris Surgical Society, the Edinburgh Medical Society and the London Medical Society appeared in sequence, which promoted the progress of European medicine greatly by means of medical conferences and journals. At the end of the 19th century, in order to promote medical missions and education, western missionaries drew lessons from the medical society system and founded the China Medical Missionary Association (CMMA). The association was dedicated to work in four fields: terminology standardization, missionary hospitals, medical education and study on endemic disease. CMMA accelerated the development of medical missions and the spread of western medicine. As members of CMMA must be of religious orders, many scholars were not qualified to join in, which resulted in limitation of academic research and exchange. With the return of overseas students, Chinese scholars majoring in western medicine enhanced the awareness of medical knowledge. As a result, western medical societies were established one by one, including the Shanghai Medical Association, the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, the Chinese Medical Association and the Society of Chinese Medicines of the Republic of China. Established in 1915, the Chinese Medical Association had members who also belonged to the CMMA,so the Chinese Medical Association made reference to the CMMA for its organization, function, operating mechanism, journals, etc..