摘要明代(1368-1644)277年间,计有54年发生了75次较大范围的瘟疫.面对瘟疫,救助的医者,既有官方医者,也有民间医者,一些儒生、官员或贵族等兼习医术者也参与其中.发生瘟疫时,医者救助的态度也有所不同,除官方提供免费的医疗救护外,民间的尚义之医或是单独施药、施粥、施与棺木葬具,或是参与到其他慈善力量之中,如贵族和致仕官员曾雇请医者施行救者.与尚义行善相反,面对瘟疫时,也有惧怕瘟疫,不愿救治的医者.对于医者救助的效果,史料中既有“活人无数”的记载,也不乏“庸医误伤人命”的记述.此外,受整体医学水平所限,无法救治,而只能采取疏散、迁移等措施.

abstractsDuring the 277 - year long history of the Ming dynasty ( 1368 - 1644 ),75 plagues occurred in 54 years.People helping patients at that time included medical officials and folk doctors,even some Confucian scholars,officials and nobles who learned medicine assisted with disease control.Besides official free medical help,many other measures were taken,such as free herbs,free porridge and coffins.There were also other charitable acts,for example,the nobles or officials volunteered to employ doctors to help patients.By contrast,there were also some doctors who were afraid of plagues and would not like to assist patients.Concerning the effect of the rescue activities,recordings such as ‘reviving many people’ and ‘quacks killing patients’ could both be found.Limited by the medical level at that time,measures like evacuating and moving people to other places had to be taken when plagues could not be controlled.