摘要清朝末期昆明药材行帮出现后，作为行规的“投师文约”也开始出现，标志着昆明中药业师徒教育的契约化和制度化。“投师文约”的实施，由药材行帮及其同业公会组织。昆明中药业的师徒传习具有扩大了人才来源、契合药工熟识农业生产的实际经验、符合中药制造人力操作的条件、符合中药技艺口传心授的特点和规律、医药一体、非政府组织等特点。昆明中药业的师徒传习，培养了一批中医药人才，推动了手工作坊向工业化的转变，催化了专门制售成药的店铺从药材与成药兼营中的分离，形成的有效的师承制度，对后世有着深远的影响。

abstractsIn the late Qing Dynasty, following the appearance of the Chinese medicinal materials industry trade association of Kunming, the“master agreement” as a professional regulation, also implemen-ted, marking the beginning of the contractualization and institutionalization of apprentice education in Yun-nan. The contents and implementation of the “master agreement” was organized by the Chinese medicinal materials industry trade association of Kunming and its craft union. The apprentice education in Kunming traditional Chinese medicinal industry has the following characteristics:expanding the source of talent; ad-epting at agricultural production of the accorded apprentice;conforming to the conditions of human manipu-lation of Chinese traditional medicine;being in line with the characteristics and rules of Chinese medicine skills taught by oral narration and tacit understanding; unity of the medical and pharmaceutical profession-als;and non-governmental organization. Apprentice training had trained a number of medical talents, and promoted the transformation of manual workshop to industrialization in Kunming. Apprentice education had catalyzed the establishment of specialized shops selling patent medicines exclusively to separated from those running both crude drugs and patent medicines, to form a set of effective teaching system, thus exerting pro-found influence on later generations.