摘要目的 通过对抑郁症和躁狂症患者时间知觉的神经心理学研究,探讨情绪影响时间知觉的有关神经生化机制.方法 应用时距复制任务,分别测试28例抑郁症患者、22例躁狂症患者以及26名年龄及教育程度相匹配的正常人.结果 抑郁症和躁狂症患者相对于正常人的时间知觉均有偏离(P<0.001).与正常对照组比较,抑郁症患者组对时间高估(600 ms/延迟1 s:1.6±0.6,P<0.001;600 ms/延迟5 s:1.7±0.6,P<0.001;3 s/延迟1 s:3.9±0.9,P<0.001;3 s/延迟5 s:3.9±0.7,P<0.001;5 s/延迟1 s:5.9±1.3,P<0.001;5s/延迟5s:6.1±1.3,P<0.001),躁狂症患者组对时间低估(600 ms/延迟1 s:0.7±0.2,P<0.01;600 ms/延迟5 s:0.6±0.3,P<0.001;3 s/延迟1 s:1.7±0.5,P<0.001;3 s/延迟5 s:1.8±0.6,P<0.001;5 s/延迟1 s:2.9±0.7,P<0.001;5 s/延迟5 s:3.0±0.8,P<0.001).病例组时距复制的结果与年龄、受教育年限、病程、住院次数及用药剂量无明显相关性(P>0.05),而与病情的严重程度相关,即抑郁症患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)得分与之正相关(6种时间的,分别为0.44、0.46、0.73、0.61、0.55、0.50,均P<0.05),躁狂症患者的贝克躁狂量表(BRMS)得分与之负相关(6种时间的r分别为-0.57、-0.54、-0.71、-0.69、-0.80、-0.71,均P<0.05).结论 情绪会影响人们的时间知觉,这提示大脑中相关神经递质可能参与了时间信息的加工.

abstractsObjective To investigate the time perception in affective disorders by using neuropsychological tests and to try to elucidate its neurobiochemical mechanism. Methods Using a time reproduction task,a comparative study was conducted for 28 depressive patients,22 manic patients,and 26 age and education level matched healthy persons as healthy controls. Results Both depressive patients and manic patients are abnormal (P<0.001),depressive patients over-rcproduced the time interval than healthy controls (600 ms/delay 1 s: 1.6±0.6,P <0.001; 600 ms/delay 5 s: 1.7±0.6,P < 0.001; 3 s/delay 1 s:3.9±0.9,P<0.001; 3 s/delay 5 s:3.9±0.7,P<0.001; 5 s/delay 1 s:5.9±1.3,P<0.001;5 s/delay 5 s:6.1±1.3,P<0.001),yet manic patients under-reproduced the time interval (600 ms/delay 1 s:0.7±0.2,P<0.01; 600 ms/delay 5 s:0.6±0.3,P<0.001; 3 s/delay 1 s:1.7±0.5,P<0.001; 3 s/delay 5 s:1.8±0.6,P<0.001; 5 s/delay 1 s:2.9±0.7,P<0.001; 5 s/delay 5 s:3.0±0.8,P< 0.001).The results of time reproduction task in patients were not related to age,education,duration of illness,number of admission (P>0.05),but had some relation to severity of illness. And the results were positively correlated with the score of HAMD in depressive patients (six times:r=0.44,0.46,0.73,0. 61,0.55,0.50,P<0.05),but negatively with the score of BRMS in manic patients (six times:r=-0.57,-0.54,-0.71,-0.69,-0.80,-0.71,P<0.05). Conclusion Emotion will affect one's time perception. And the nearotransmitter in brain may participate in the processes of time perception.