摘要目的：了解山西省终末期肾脏病（ ESRD ）血液透析患者的流行病学资料。方法对2010年1月-2013年12月山西省所有开展血液净化治疗的医疗机构网上直报的血液透析患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析。各种相关数据的采集通过全国血液净化病例登记系统完成。结果（1）山西省新进入血液透析的患者人数逐年递增，2010-2013年血液透析年度发病率分别为每百万人口46.62人、53.44人、62.61人、62.93人。（2）血液透析患者前3位的原发病因依次为慢性肾小球肾炎、糖尿病肾病、高血压肾损害。（3）在新进入透析时的血管通路中，临时中心静脉置管居于第1位，占53.3％，其次是自体动静脉内瘘占41.2％。（4）新进入血液透析患者的并发症最常见为贫血，其次为高血压、骨矿物质代谢紊乱等。（5）心脑血管事件是血液透析患者死亡的主要原因。（6） ESRD患者开始血液透析的年龄最主要集中在40～49岁和50～59岁。结论山西省进入血液透析的患者在逐年增多，其中糖尿病肾病及高血压肾损害的比例逐年升高，适时透析的问题需得到关注并改进。

abstractsObjective To retrieve the epidemiological literature of end stage renal hemodialysis patients.Methods A total of 8 108 chronic renal failure ( CRF) patients on first-time dialysis in Shanxi province during January 2010 and December 2013 were surveyed .Their clinical data were registered into the Chinese national renal data system .Results In Shanxi province , the number of hemodialysis patients increased annually.The incidence rate between 2010 and 2013 was 46.62, 53.44, 62.61 and 62.93 pmp, respectively . The first three primary causes of CRF in incident hemodialysis patients were glomerulonephritis , diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis .The first vascular access in CRF patients at the beginning of hemodialysis was temporary central venous catheter (53.3%) and then primary arteriovenous fistula (41.2%).Anemia was one of the most common complications of incident hemodialysis patients, followed by hypertension and bone and mineral disorders , etc.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidences were the leading causes of death .Those with end stage renal disease ( ESRD) were between the ages of 40-49 and 50-59.Conclusions In Shanxi province , the number of hemodialysis patients rises annually .The incidence of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis rise with years .Timely hemodialysis and improvement are required .