摘要目的 评估中国育龄妇女孕前健康风险暴露状况,分析2010至2012年中国育龄妇女孕前风险暴露状况的变化情况.方法 利用中国育龄夫妇孕前健康风险暴露评估核心指标对2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日参加国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目的31个省、市、自治区220个试点县的21 ～49岁育龄妇女2 120 131人进行孕前风险评估.评估的风险包括遗传风险、生殖风险、慢病风险、感染风险、营养风险、行为风险、环境风险以及社会心理风险等8类风险.分析育龄妇女孕前风险暴露状况及其变化情况.结果 中国21 ～ 49岁育龄妇女孕前健康风险暴露的检出率为54.63％(1 124 552/2 058 648),其中21～24岁组53.05％ (262 646/495 092)最低,45～49岁组66.94％(7 616/11 379)最高,风险随着年龄的增大而增大;8类风险中,位于前3位的暴露风险分别是营养风险35.74％ (726 826/2 033 730)、感染风险10.16％ (206 983/2 037 022)和慢性病风险6.96％(142 130/2 042 110).2010、2011和2012年妇女孕前健康风险暴露的检出率分别为55.35％(182 087/328 991),56.03％(502 888/897 511)和52.82％(439 577/832 146).营养风险、感染风险、行为风险和遗传风险暴露均以2011年为高,而8类风险均以2012年为低;3年中不同年龄组妇女的8类孕前健康风险暴露的检出率均以21～ 24岁组为低,以45 ～49岁组妇女最高,孕前健康风险暴露有随妇女年龄增加而增大的趋势.结论 中国育龄妇女孕前健康状况总体良好,但存在一定的风险.2010、2011和2012年中国育龄妇女孕前健康风险暴露呈下降趋势.

abstractsObjective To assess the exposure status of preconception health risk of Chinese reproductive women and analyze the changes of their exposure status during 2010-2012.Methods The "Core Indicators of Preconception Health Risk Exposure Status in Chinese reproductive couples" were used to evaluate the preconception health risk of women during reproductive period (aged 21-49 years) who participated in National Free Preconception Health Examination Project.From January 1,2010 to December 31 2012 a total of 2 120 131 women were recruited from 220 pilot counties of 31 provinces.The risks involved the following eight aspects:genetic risk,reproductive risk,chronic disease risk,infectious risk,nutritive risk,behavioral risk,environmental risk and psychosocial risk.Results The overall rate of preconception health risk in Chincse reproductive women (aged 21-49 years) was 54.63％ (1 124 552/ 2 058 648).Among all age groups,the lowest rate was 53.05％ (262 646/495 092) in 21-24 age group while the highest rate 66.94％ (7616/11379) in 45-49 age group.The top three risks were nutritive risk [35.74％ (726 826/2 033 730)],infectious risk [10.16％ (206 983/2 037 022)] and chronic disease risk [6.96％ (142 130/2 042 110)].From 2010 to 2012,the rate of preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women (aged 21-49) were 55.35％ (182 087/328 991) (2010),56.03％ (502 888/897 511) (2011) and 52.82％ (439 577/832 146) (2012) respectively.In different years,the rates of nutritive,infectious,behavioral and genetic risks were all highest in 2011.And the rates of eight types of risks were all lowest in 2012.In different age groups,all eight risks were lowest in 21-24 age group and highest in 45-49 age group.And the preconception health risk increased with age.Conclusion The general status of preconception health of reproductive women is fair.However,there are still some risks.The preconception health risk in Chinese reproductive women showed a declining trend during 2010-2012.